Oxygenation, First Aid and Emergency Nursing
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| Hypoxemia | Lack of O2 in the blood
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| Hypoxia | Inadequate O2 at the cellular level
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| Arterial Blood Gases | Assesses the function of the lungs by measuring pH, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3 and SaO2
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| pH | Measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, such as the blood
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| HCO3 | Bicarbonate (Increases BASICITY) Amount is controlled by the KIDNEYS
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| CO2 | Carbon Dioxide (Increases ACIDITY) Amount is controlled by the LUNGS
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| O2 | Oxygen
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| Alkaline | Same as base, opposite of an acid
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| Normal pH | 7.35-7.45
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| Acidosis | pH less than 7.35
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| Alkalosis | pH greater than 7.45
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| Respiratory Acidosis/Alkalosis | Caused by a lung problem
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| Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis | Caused by renal failure or other metabolic problems (DKA)
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| Interpreting Blood Gases | FIRST- Look at the pH- Is it acidic or alkaline (who's your daddy) THEN- Look at CO2 and HCO3. If CO2 is abnormal it is RESPIRATORY, IF HCO3 abnormal it is METABOLIC
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| Normal Value for CO2 | 35-45mm Hg
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| Normal Value for HCO3 | 22-26 mEq
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| Room Air | 21% Oxygen
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| Non Rebreather | Delivers Pure O2 by inhibiting the re-breathing of exhaled air
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| Venturi Mask | O2 + Room Air at specific doses. (Known as FiO2)
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| CPAP | Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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| Pneumothorax | Air in pleural space
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| Hemothorax | Blood in pleural space
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| Hyperbaric Oxygen | 100% FiO2 at THREE times the atomospheric pressure. Increases PaO2 from 80-100 to over 2,000 mmHg
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| Hyperbaric Oxygen Indications | Improves wound healing for diabetic/vascular insufficiency Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Decompression sickness, Anaerobic Burn infections
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| BiPAP | Bilevel positive airway pressure
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| PEEP | Positive end-expiratory pressure
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| Ventilation | Moving gases in and out of the lungs; the act of breathing
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| Respiration | the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs
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| Brain Death | Irreversible form of unconciousness characterized by a complete loss of brain function while the heart continues to beat. Legal definition varies from state to state.
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| Epistaxis | Nosebleed; Hemmorrahge from the nose.
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| Avulsion | Torn away tissue, teeth
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| Heat Exhaustion | Loss of water/lytes due to prolonged exertion in hot environment
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| Heat Stroke | Environment too hot/humid for the body to cool itself. Brain damage/death more likely.
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| Frostbite | Freezing of tissues
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| Orthopedic injuries | Always check ABCs first, Splint in place, Ensure blood flow, RICE Therapy
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| RICE | Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
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| Shallow Partial Thickness burn | Superficial
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| Deep Partial Thickness burn | Blistering
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| Full Thickness burn | Completely through skin and underlying tissue
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| Chemical Agents (Terrorism) | Pulmonary- affect the lungs, can cause death Incapacitating- Impair rather than kill Cyanide- Rapidly dealy in high concentrations nerve agents- Rapidly deadly, Vesicants-destroy skin/tissues
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| Chain of survival | Early recognition and access to EMS, Early CPR, Early Defib, Early ALS
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| Confirming Death | Unreceptiveness to even intense painful stimuli No movement/spontaneous resp. x 8 minutes,PaCo2>/= 60 after 100% Fio2
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| Confirming Death (2) | Complete absence of deep tendon reflexes, Flat EEG x 10 minutes, No changes after 2nd assessment
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