Nursing
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| Brain parts | cerebrum, dicenphalon, cerebellum, brainstem
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| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain, higher brain centers, (composed of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital)
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| Frontal | Motor, emotions and Broca's area
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| Parietal | Sensory,
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| Temporal | auditory, reception of speech
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| Occipital | vision
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| Dicephalon | thalmus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary, basal glands
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| Thalamus | Relay
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| Hypothalamus | homeostasis, temp, hunger, thirst, sleep, ANS
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| Pineal Gland | Sexual development
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| Pituitary | endocrine
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| Basal Ganglia | automatic associated movement, primitive motor areas
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| Brainstem | mid brain, pons, medulla
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| midbrain | relay
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| pons | relay and breathing,
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| medulla | breathing, vomitting, cardiac, GI
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| Cerebellum | balance, equillibrium, proprioception
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| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| Aphasia | without voice, their words may be jumbled, or may be unable to respond
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| Parasthesia | altered sensory preception, numbness, tingling
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| Examples of chronic diseases | MS, myasthemia gravis, CVA, Parkinson's, ALS, any type of dementia
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| Equipment for physical examination for neuro includes | penlight, vibratory tuning fork, tongue blade, percussion hammer, aromatic materials, vials of solutions, variety of materials for senory tactile assessment
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| components of neurological exam | mini mental status, motor system, cranial nerves, proprioceptor and cerebellar function, sensory function, deep tendon reflexes and superficial reflexes
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| Mental status | evaluate appearance, , MMSE, if not oriented, writing, IADL
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| If the person is not oriented we do... | proceed to the mini mental status
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| Cranial nerve I | olfactory
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| Cranial Nerve II | Visual Acuity and Peripheral Vision
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| Cranial Nerve III, IV, VI | Pupils
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| Cranial Nerve V | TMJ and sensation
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| Cranial Nerve VII | Facial movement
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| Cranial Nerve V and VI | Corneal reflex
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| Cranial Nerves VIII | ear and balance
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| Cranial Nerve IX | gag, taste
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| cranial Nerve X | Ahhhh
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| Cranial Nerve XI | Shoulders and Neck
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| Cranial Nerve XII | Tongue
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| I | olefactory, not tested normally. patency, familiar non irritating arromatic substances (brownies), are nares symmetrical?
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| II | Optic nerve, visual acuity and peripheral, near (newspaper) and distance (E chart), visual fields, internal exam
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| III, IV, VI | Oculomotor, trochlear, Abducens, palpebral fissures, opening of upper lids, PERLA, Nystagmus, Extracocular movement...
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| V | trigeminal nerve, motor function[ clenching teeth (TMJ)], Sensory Function [light touch on the face], Corneal Reflex (do not do in routine screening [ touch conjunctiva with cotton]
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| VII | Facial Nerve, MotorFunction, symmetry of facial movement, sensory function, taste, not routinely screened, screening questions, Motor Efferent, Corneal reflex and Certain Speech Sounds
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| VIII | hearing acuity and measurement, whispered voice, Reine, Weber
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| IX and X | Glosspharyngeal, and vagus nerve, ahhhhhhhh, gag, voice sounds, swollowing, taste
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| When would a gag reflex be necessary to test? | test dysphagia, surgical diagnostic exam, where they had spray administered. Checks to see before adminiswtering fluids
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| XI | Spinal Accessory- stenoclomastoid, rotate head resistance, Trapezius- shrug shoulders against resistance
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| XII | hypoglossal- movement of the tongue and speech sounds L,T,D,N (light tight dynomite)
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| If findings are normal for the cranial nerve you report | cranial nerves I-XII are intact
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| Cerebellar tests for | gait, balance, upper and lower extremities
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| Cerebellar tests for Balance include | (Romberg, stand on one foot, walk in tandem, hop, knee bends, walk on toes, walk on heels)
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| Cerebellar Tests for upper Extremities | alternating tapping, fingers to nose, thumb opposition, finger to nose, to nurse's finger
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| Cerebellar tests for lower Extremities | heel up and down shin, plantar tap (place hands beneath feet and ask them to tap your hands)
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| Sensory function | Suprise the client, Eyes closed, Fully Conscious, Distal to proximal, symmetrical
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| Primary Sensory Function | Light touch, superficial pain, deep pressure, sharp/dull, hot/ cold, vibratory sense, kinesthetic sensation (moving Fingers, up and down)
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| Cortical Sensory Function | Graphesthesia, two point discrimination, stereognosis, extinction (not as common)
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| Graphesthesia | test by writing a letter or number on the hand
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| stereognosis | ability to recognize familiar objects by feel
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| one point two point distinction is made on | back of hand, back (over clothing)
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| Deep Tendon Reflexes Sites | Triceps, Biceps, Brachioradial, patellar, achilles
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| To document a rating on a scale... | include the highest level. EX: 2+/4+ on brachioradial reflex
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| Superficial Reflexes | Plantar, abdominal, cremasteric
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| the order of higher function | cerebrum initiates, basal ganglia refines, and cerebellum coordinates
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Created by:
Hoopster
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