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289 Neuro
Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Brain parts | cerebrum, dicenphalon, cerebellum, brainstem |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain, higher brain centers, (composed of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) |
| Frontal | Motor, emotions and Broca's area |
| Parietal | Sensory, |
| Temporal | auditory, reception of speech |
| Occipital | vision |
| Dicephalon | thalmus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary, basal glands |
| Thalamus | Relay |
| Hypothalamus | homeostasis, temp, hunger, thirst, sleep, ANS |
| Pineal Gland | Sexual development |
| Pituitary | endocrine |
| Basal Ganglia | automatic associated movement, primitive motor areas |
| Brainstem | mid brain, pons, medulla |
| midbrain | relay |
| pons | relay and breathing, |
| medulla | breathing, vomitting, cardiac, GI |
| Cerebellum | balance, equillibrium, proprioception |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| Aphasia | without voice, their words may be jumbled, or may be unable to respond |
| Parasthesia | altered sensory preception, numbness, tingling |
| Examples of chronic diseases | MS, myasthemia gravis, CVA, Parkinson's, ALS, any type of dementia |
| Equipment for physical examination for neuro includes | penlight, vibratory tuning fork, tongue blade, percussion hammer, aromatic materials, vials of solutions, variety of materials for senory tactile assessment |
| components of neurological exam | mini mental status, motor system, cranial nerves, proprioceptor and cerebellar function, sensory function, deep tendon reflexes and superficial reflexes |
| Mental status | evaluate appearance, , MMSE, if not oriented, writing, IADL |
| If the person is not oriented we do... | proceed to the mini mental status |
| Cranial nerve I | olfactory |
| Cranial Nerve II | Visual Acuity and Peripheral Vision |
| Cranial Nerve III, IV, VI | Pupils |
| Cranial Nerve V | TMJ and sensation |
| Cranial Nerve VII | Facial movement |
| Cranial Nerve V and VI | Corneal reflex |
| Cranial Nerves VIII | ear and balance |
| Cranial Nerve IX | gag, taste |
| cranial Nerve X | Ahhhh |
| Cranial Nerve XI | Shoulders and Neck |
| Cranial Nerve XII | Tongue |
| I | olefactory, not tested normally. patency, familiar non irritating arromatic substances (brownies), are nares symmetrical? |
| II | Optic nerve, visual acuity and peripheral, near (newspaper) and distance (E chart), visual fields, internal exam |
| III, IV, VI | Oculomotor, trochlear, Abducens, palpebral fissures, opening of upper lids, PERLA, Nystagmus, Extracocular movement... |
| V | trigeminal nerve, motor function[ clenching teeth (TMJ)], Sensory Function [light touch on the face], Corneal Reflex (do not do in routine screening [ touch conjunctiva with cotton] |
| VII | Facial Nerve, MotorFunction, symmetry of facial movement, sensory function, taste, not routinely screened, screening questions, Motor Efferent, Corneal reflex and Certain Speech Sounds |
| VIII | hearing acuity and measurement, whispered voice, Reine, Weber |
| IX and X | Glosspharyngeal, and vagus nerve, ahhhhhhhh, gag, voice sounds, swollowing, taste |
| When would a gag reflex be necessary to test? | test dysphagia, surgical diagnostic exam, where they had spray administered. Checks to see before adminiswtering fluids |
| XI | Spinal Accessory- stenoclomastoid, rotate head resistance, Trapezius- shrug shoulders against resistance |
| XII | hypoglossal- movement of the tongue and speech sounds L,T,D,N (light tight dynomite) |
| If findings are normal for the cranial nerve you report | cranial nerves I-XII are intact |
| Cerebellar tests for | gait, balance, upper and lower extremities |
| Cerebellar tests for Balance include | (Romberg, stand on one foot, walk in tandem, hop, knee bends, walk on toes, walk on heels) |
| Cerebellar Tests for upper Extremities | alternating tapping, fingers to nose, thumb opposition, finger to nose, to nurse's finger |
| Cerebellar tests for lower Extremities | heel up and down shin, plantar tap (place hands beneath feet and ask them to tap your hands) |
| Sensory function | Suprise the client, Eyes closed, Fully Conscious, Distal to proximal, symmetrical |
| Primary Sensory Function | Light touch, superficial pain, deep pressure, sharp/dull, hot/ cold, vibratory sense, kinesthetic sensation (moving Fingers, up and down) |
| Cortical Sensory Function | Graphesthesia, two point discrimination, stereognosis, extinction (not as common) |
| Graphesthesia | test by writing a letter or number on the hand |
| stereognosis | ability to recognize familiar objects by feel |
| one point two point distinction is made on | back of hand, back (over clothing) |
| Deep Tendon Reflexes Sites | Triceps, Biceps, Brachioradial, patellar, achilles |
| To document a rating on a scale... | include the highest level. EX: 2+/4+ on brachioradial reflex |
| Superficial Reflexes | Plantar, abdominal, cremasteric |
| the order of higher function | cerebrum initiates, basal ganglia refines, and cerebellum coordinates |
Created by:
Hoopster
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