AP PSYCHOLOGY
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| Structuralism | based on the notion that the task of psych is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related
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| Introspection | the careful, systematic self observation of one's own conscious experience
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| Functionalism | psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure
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| Natural Selection | heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus become "selected over time"
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| Unconscious | contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert a great influence on behavior
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| Psychoanalytic Theory | attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
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| Behaviorism | theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psych should study only observable behavior
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| Behavior | refers to any overt, or observable, response or activity bu an organism
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| Humanism | theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for personal growth
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| Applied Psychology | branch of psych concerned with everyday, practical problems
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| Clinical Psychology | psych concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
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| Cognition | mental process involved in acquiring knowledge
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| Ethnocentrism | the tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways
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| Evolutionary Psychology | examines the behavioral process in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations
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| Positive Psychology | uses theory and research to beter understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
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| Psychology | the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems
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| Psychiatry | branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders
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| Empiricism | premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
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| Theory | system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
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| Culture | widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of community that are transmitted socially across generations
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| SQ3R | study system designed to promote effective reading which includes: survey, question, read, recite, review.
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| Testwiseness | ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximise one's score
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| Critical Thinking | use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome
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