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Evolution of Psych
AP PSYCHOLOGY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structuralism | based on the notion that the task of psych is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related |
| Introspection | the careful, systematic self observation of one's own conscious experience |
| Functionalism | psych should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure |
| Natural Selection | heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus become "selected over time" |
| Unconscious | contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert a great influence on behavior |
| Psychoanalytic Theory | attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior |
| Behaviorism | theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psych should study only observable behavior |
| Behavior | refers to any overt, or observable, response or activity bu an organism |
| Humanism | theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for personal growth |
| Applied Psychology | branch of psych concerned with everyday, practical problems |
| Clinical Psychology | psych concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders |
| Cognition | mental process involved in acquiring knowledge |
| Ethnocentrism | the tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways |
| Evolutionary Psychology | examines the behavioral process in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations |
| Positive Psychology | uses theory and research to beter understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence |
| Psychology | the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems |
| Psychiatry | branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders |
| Empiricism | premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation |
| Theory | system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations |
| Culture | widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of community that are transmitted socially across generations |
| SQ3R | study system designed to promote effective reading which includes: survey, question, read, recite, review. |
| Testwiseness | ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximise one's score |
| Critical Thinking | use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome |
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