Foundations of Nursing
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| What is another term for vocation | Calling
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| Nursing in England and in Europe believe what | that illness was caused by sinful actions
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| Who was the first visiting nurse | Phobe,she was introduced by St. Paul to care for those who were sick as a Christian order
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| When did nursing become a recognized vocation | During the crusades 1100 to 1200 AD
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| Lay people were recruited to care for the sick when | during times of plague and pestilence
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| In the late 1500's the government took over and | infections grew in numbers
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| During the late 1500's when government took over who took care of the patients | Criminals, orphans, and widows
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| Florence Nightingale | First person to desire to become a nurse
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| Nightingale volunteered her services during what war | Crimean war
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| Because of nightingale and her methods the death rate dropped from what to what | 60% to 1%
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| After the war what did Florence Nightingale do | started the first nursing training school
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| Nutrition, clean air, patients need therapy, nursing should be directed to health and illness, nursing should be taught by nurses, CE is needed | Nightingale Curriculum Beliefs
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| Social worker, appointed by Union government to provide nursing to the soldiers | Dorthea Dix
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| One of these nurses, took volunteers into field hospitals, later founded the American Red Cross | Clara Barton
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| Took nursing into the community | Lillian Wald
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| Through the years US schools became more organized and uniform and training lengthened | from 6 months to 3 years
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| To promote wellness, to prevent illness, to facilitate coping, and to restore health | Four common goals of nursing
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| The LVN must take the following roles | Caregiver, Educator, Collaborator, and Manager
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| Aimed at maintaining and restoring a person's health | Caregiver
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| Directed toward promoting wellness and preventing illness | Educator
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| provides direct patient care under the supervision of a registered nurse, physician, or dentist | Practical nursing
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| provides direct patient care under the supervision of a registered nurse, physician, or dentist | Practical Nursing
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| masters prepared with extra training | Nurse practitioner
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| registered nurse with further training in midwifery | Certified nurse midwife
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| series of tasks such as administration of medication and treatments | functional nursing care
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| registered nurse as team leader | team nursing
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| one nurse takes care of all of the patient's needs | total patient care
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| one nurse plans and directs care for a patient over 24 hour time period | Primary nursing
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| DRGs | Diagnosis-Related Groups
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| hospital receives a set amount of money for a patient who is hospitalized with a certain diagnosis | Diagnosis related group
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| set of providers and services organized to deliver coordinated care | integrated delivery network
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| preventative, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing care | six levels of care
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| group practice, enroll patients for a set fee per month | Health maintenance organizations
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| discounted fees in return for a larger pool of potential patients | preferred provider organizations
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| attempt at decreasing healthcare costs | managed care
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| for some it is the absence of disease for others it is optimal functioning on every level | Health
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| relative state in which one is able to function well physically, mentally, socially, and spiritually in order to express the full range of one's unique potentialities within the environment in which one is living | Health
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| disease of body or mind | Illness
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| the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity | in 1946 the WHO redefined health as
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| WHO | world health organization
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| persisting for a long time | chronic illness
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| one that develops suddenly and resolves in a short time | Acute illness
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| illness with no cure available, ends in death | Terminal illness
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| one that develops without being caused by another health problem | primary illness
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| results from primary illness | secondary illness
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| one for which there is no known cause | Idiopathic illness
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| onset of illness | transition stage
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| sick role | acceptance stage
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| recovery | convalescence stage
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| total recovery is replaced by adaption to limitations and positive use of remaining capabilities | if the disease is chronic
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| lack of adjustment | Maladaption
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| able to function well physically and mentally and to express the full range of ones potentialities within the environment in which one is living | current views of health and illness
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| adjusting to or accepting challenges | Coping
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| considers biologic, psychological, sociologic, and spiritual aspects and needs of the patient | the holistic approach
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| the basic physical needs such as food, air, water, and rest must be satisfied before the higher emotional-level needs emerge | Maslow's theory of basic needs
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| equilibrium means | balance
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| response to change | Adaption
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| adverse stimulus | Stressor
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| the sum of biologic reactions that take place in response to any stressor | Stress
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| the body deals with stressors by secretion of hormones | GAS= general adaption system
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| hormone release mobilizes the body's defense | Alarm stage
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| body is battling for equilibrium | stage of resistance
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| occurs if the stressor is severe enough or is present over a long period of time | stage of exhaustion
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| blocking from memory | repression
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| more serious form | denial
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| blaming someone else | projection
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| act opposite of how you feel | reaction-formation
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| returning to an earlier level of adaption | regression
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| justify an experience | rationalization
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| modeling behavior after someone else | identification
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| unconscious imitation | introjection
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| placing intense feelings on a less threatening object | displacement
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| rechanneling an impulse into a more socially desirable object | sublimation
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| progressive relaxation, massage, biofeedback, yoga, mediation, and physical exercise | stress reduction techniques
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| avoids or delays occurrence of a specific disease or disorder | primary prevention
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| following guidelines for screening for disease | secondary prevention
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| rehab after patient has already had disease | tertiary prevention
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