Chapter 31 The Endocrine System
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ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the adrenal gland that controls blood pressure, releases choloesterol, and regulates the body's production of steroids
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adrenal gland | located cranial to the kidneys and produces and releases adrenaline and other hormones
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adrenaline | chemical that is released by the nervous system in times of stress to create a response in an animal's fight or flight instinct reaction
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alopecia | hair loss
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amino acid | simplest hormone that controls thyroid gland function
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antidiuretic hormone | ADH, hormone that promotes urine formation, water asborption, controls blood pressure, and changes control in water content
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blood glucose | blood sugar or insulin produced by the pancreas
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cataracts | opacity of the lens of the eye
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chemical | a change in the body that affects growth, sexual reproduction, and development
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corpus luteum (CL) | known as the yellow body and forms during the gestation period of a female to maintain pregnancy
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Cushings disease | common term for hyperadrenocorticism
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dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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Dexamethosone | corticosteroid administered by injection to determine pituitary problems
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diabetes insipidus | condition that affects the water content in the bloodstream, causing the urine to become dilute
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diabetes mellitus | condition that causes high blood glucose levels
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endocrine system | excretory system that rides the body of waste materials
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enzyme | chemical reactions that change within the body and create and release hormones
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epinephrine | short acting chemical released during the fight or flight response
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estrogen | female reproductive hormone that begins the estrus cycle
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estrus | the heat cycle that releases hormones for reproduction
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excrete | the remove and rid the body of waste
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fatty acid | controls hormones involved in estrus in the female heat cycle
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follicle stimulating hormone | FSH, estrus hormone that allows for sperm production, regulates the female estrus cycle, forms the follicle during the breeding process, and produces estrogen
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gestation | length of pregnancy
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gonadotropin | GnRH, hormone produced and released to maintain a normal estrus cycle
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homeostasis | a balance within the body
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hormone | a chemical change in the body that regulates growth, sexual reproduction and development, metabolizes nutrients in cells
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hyperadrenocorticism | increased production problem within the adrenal gland that results in a pituitary tumor where the ACTH hormone is increased or an adrenal gland tumor when cortisol production is increased
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hyperglycemia | high blood glucose level
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hyperkalemia | increased potassium in the blood
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hyperthyroidism | condition that increased the thyroxine levels, common in cats
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hypoadrenocorticism | decreased production of steroids within the adrenal glands if the glands fail to function, also called Addison's disease
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hypocalcemia | decreased blood calcium
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hypoglycemia | decreased blood glucose levels
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hypoatremia | decrease of sodium and chlorine in the blood
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hypothalamus | developes from brain tissue while an animal is in the embryo stage, and the gland serves as a reservoir for hormones and allows for the release and regulation of hormones
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hypothyroidism | condition that decreases the thyroxine hormone, common in dogs
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iatrogenic | condition caused by hormones
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lutenizing hormone (Lh) | estrus hormone that allows the production of testosterone, allows for ovulation to occur, and forms the CL
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Methimazole | medicine for cats to treat hyperthyroidism, blocks the synthesis of thyroxine
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norepinephrine | long acting chemical hormone that increases the heart rate, blood pressure, blood low, blood glucose, and metabolism
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ovulation | release of the egg during estrus in the female to allow reproduction to occur
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oxytocin | hormone that releases and causes the muscles of the uterine wall to contract and milk production to begin in the mammary glands
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pancreas | organ with a dual role in endocrine and exocrine production and functions
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parathyroid gland | gland located below the thyroid gland
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parturition | the labor process
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peptide | largest hormone that controls protein in the body
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pituitary gland | lies at the base of the brain and controls hormone release in the endocrine glands
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polydipsia | increased thirst, PD
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polyuria | PU, increased urine production
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posterior lobe | back lobe of the pituitary gland that controls peptide hormones
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prolactin | hormone that controls milk production
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radioactive iodine | radiocat, treatment involving iodine being injected into the bloodstream to treat any areas that are overactive in thyroxine production, causing damage to thyroid tissue
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somatotropin | growth hormone that increases protein synthesis in the body, causing an increase in an animal's size
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steroid | occurs naturally in the body and regulates chemicals, such as cholesterol, in the body that control essential life functions
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thymus | a gland in young animals that has an immunologic function
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thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid gland
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thyroid gland | the master gland, controls, secretes, and regulates hormone production within the body and is located in the neck area
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thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | hormone produced by the thyroid gland that controls the chemical thyroxine
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thyroxine | hormone that controls the actions of the thyroid gland and cell metabolism
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T3 | most potent and active thyroid gland hormone measured in the bloodstream to diagnose thyroid gland problems
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T4 | thyroid hormone converted into tissue and breaks down fats and helps control cholesterol
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