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ch31 endocrine
Chapter 31 The Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone released by the adrenal gland that controls blood pressure, releases choloesterol, and regulates the body's production of steroids |
| adrenal gland | located cranial to the kidneys and produces and releases adrenaline and other hormones |
| adrenaline | chemical that is released by the nervous system in times of stress to create a response in an animal's fight or flight instinct reaction |
| alopecia | hair loss |
| amino acid | simplest hormone that controls thyroid gland function |
| antidiuretic hormone | ADH, hormone that promotes urine formation, water asborption, controls blood pressure, and changes control in water content |
| blood glucose | blood sugar or insulin produced by the pancreas |
| cataracts | opacity of the lens of the eye |
| chemical | a change in the body that affects growth, sexual reproduction, and development |
| corpus luteum (CL) | known as the yellow body and forms during the gestation period of a female to maintain pregnancy |
| Cushings disease | common term for hyperadrenocorticism |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| Dexamethosone | corticosteroid administered by injection to determine pituitary problems |
| diabetes insipidus | condition that affects the water content in the bloodstream, causing the urine to become dilute |
| diabetes mellitus | condition that causes high blood glucose levels |
| endocrine system | excretory system that rides the body of waste materials |
| enzyme | chemical reactions that change within the body and create and release hormones |
| epinephrine | short acting chemical released during the fight or flight response |
| estrogen | female reproductive hormone that begins the estrus cycle |
| estrus | the heat cycle that releases hormones for reproduction |
| excrete | the remove and rid the body of waste |
| fatty acid | controls hormones involved in estrus in the female heat cycle |
| follicle stimulating hormone | FSH, estrus hormone that allows for sperm production, regulates the female estrus cycle, forms the follicle during the breeding process, and produces estrogen |
| gestation | length of pregnancy |
| gonadotropin | GnRH, hormone produced and released to maintain a normal estrus cycle |
| homeostasis | a balance within the body |
| hormone | a chemical change in the body that regulates growth, sexual reproduction and development, metabolizes nutrients in cells |
| hyperadrenocorticism | increased production problem within the adrenal gland that results in a pituitary tumor where the ACTH hormone is increased or an adrenal gland tumor when cortisol production is increased |
| hyperglycemia | high blood glucose level |
| hyperkalemia | increased potassium in the blood |
| hyperthyroidism | condition that increased the thyroxine levels, common in cats |
| hypoadrenocorticism | decreased production of steroids within the adrenal glands if the glands fail to function, also called Addison's disease |
| hypocalcemia | decreased blood calcium |
| hypoglycemia | decreased blood glucose levels |
| hypoatremia | decrease of sodium and chlorine in the blood |
| hypothalamus | developes from brain tissue while an animal is in the embryo stage, and the gland serves as a reservoir for hormones and allows for the release and regulation of hormones |
| hypothyroidism | condition that decreases the thyroxine hormone, common in dogs |
| iatrogenic | condition caused by hormones |
| lutenizing hormone (Lh) | estrus hormone that allows the production of testosterone, allows for ovulation to occur, and forms the CL |
| Methimazole | medicine for cats to treat hyperthyroidism, blocks the synthesis of thyroxine |
| norepinephrine | long acting chemical hormone that increases the heart rate, blood pressure, blood low, blood glucose, and metabolism |
| ovulation | release of the egg during estrus in the female to allow reproduction to occur |
| oxytocin | hormone that releases and causes the muscles of the uterine wall to contract and milk production to begin in the mammary glands |
| pancreas | organ with a dual role in endocrine and exocrine production and functions |
| parathyroid gland | gland located below the thyroid gland |
| parturition | the labor process |
| peptide | largest hormone that controls protein in the body |
| pituitary gland | lies at the base of the brain and controls hormone release in the endocrine glands |
| polydipsia | increased thirst, PD |
| polyuria | PU, increased urine production |
| posterior lobe | back lobe of the pituitary gland that controls peptide hormones |
| prolactin | hormone that controls milk production |
| radioactive iodine | radiocat, treatment involving iodine being injected into the bloodstream to treat any areas that are overactive in thyroxine production, causing damage to thyroid tissue |
| somatotropin | growth hormone that increases protein synthesis in the body, causing an increase in an animal's size |
| steroid | occurs naturally in the body and regulates chemicals, such as cholesterol, in the body that control essential life functions |
| thymus | a gland in young animals that has an immunologic function |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid gland | the master gland, controls, secretes, and regulates hormone production within the body and is located in the neck area |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | hormone produced by the thyroid gland that controls the chemical thyroxine |
| thyroxine | hormone that controls the actions of the thyroid gland and cell metabolism |
| T3 | most potent and active thyroid gland hormone measured in the bloodstream to diagnose thyroid gland problems |
| T4 | thyroid hormone converted into tissue and breaks down fats and helps control cholesterol |
Created by:
tromanczak
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