Very Important Psychologists from AP Psychology
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| Mary Ainsworth | Studied attachment in infants using the "strange situation" model. Label infants "secure", "insecure" (etc.) in attachment
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| Solomon Asch | Conducted famous conformity experiment that required subjects to match lines.
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| Albert Bandura | Famous for the Bobo Doll experiments on observational learning & influence in the Socio-Cognitive Perspective
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| Alfred Binet | Created first intelligence test for Parisian school children
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| Thomas Bouchard | Studied identical twins separated at birth
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| Noam Chomsky | Created concept of "universal grammar"
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| Hermann Ebbinghaus | Memorized nonsense syllables in early study on human memory
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| Erik Erikson | Known for his 8-stage theory of Psychosocial Development
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| Sigmund Freud | Developed psychoanalysis; considered to be "father of modern psychiatry"
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| John Garcia | studied taste aversion in rats; led to knowledge that sickness and taste preferences can be conditioned
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| Carol Gilligan | Presented feminist critique of Kolhberg's moral development theory; believed women's moral sense guided by relationships
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| Harry Harlow | Studied attachment in monkeys with artificial mothers
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| William James | created Functionalist school of thought; early American psychology teacher/philosopher
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| Jerome Kagan | Conducted longitudinal studies on temperament (infancy to adolescence)
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| Ancel Keys | Conducted semi-starvation experiments to measure psych effects of hunger
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| Lawrence Kohlberg | Famous for his theory of moral development in children; made use of moral dilemmas in assessment
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| Elizabeth Loftus | Her research on memory construction and the misinformation effect created doubts about the accuracy of eye-witness testimony
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| Abraham Maslow | Humanistic psychologist known for his "Hierarchy of Needs" and the concept of "self-actualization"
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| Stanley Milgram | Conducted "shocking" (Ha!) experiments on obedience
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| Ivan Pavlov | Described process of classical conditioning after famous experiments with dogs
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| Jean Piaget | Known for his theory of cognitive development in children
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| Carl Rogers | Developed "client-centered" therapy
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| Stanley Schachter | Developed "Two-Factor" theory of emotion; experiments on spillover effect
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| B.F. Skinner | Described process of operant conditioning
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| Edward Thorndike | Famous for "law of effect" and research on cats in "puzzle boxes"
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| John Watson | Early behaviorist; famous for the "Little Albert" experiments on fear conditioning
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| Benjamin Lee Whorf | Famous for describing concept of "liguistic determinism"
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| William Wundt | Conducted first psychology experiments in first psych laboratory
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| Philip Zimbardo | Conducted Stanford Prison experiment
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| Hans Selye | (Accidently) described General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
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| Karen Horney | Neo-Freudian; offered feminist critique of Freud's theory
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| Martin Seligman | Conducted experiments with dogs that led to the concept of "learned helplessness"
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| Fritz Perls | Creator of Gestalt Therapy
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| Alfred Adler | Neo-Freudian; introduced concept of "inferiority complex" and stressed the importance of birth order
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| Albert Ellis | Developed "rational emotive behavior therapy" (REBT)
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| Aaron Beck | Developed cognitive-behavior therapy
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| Gordon Allport | Founder of Trait Theory
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| Phineas Gage | his survival of a horrible industrial accident taught us about the role of the frontal lobes (okay, he's not really a psychologist...)
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| Walter Mischel | offered famous critique of trait theory and its claims
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| David McClelland | studied achievement motivation; found those with high levels are driven to master challenging tasks
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| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | wrote "On Death and Dying"; developed 5 stage theory of grief
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| Mary Whiton Calkins | first female president of the APA (1905); a student of William James; denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her sex (later, posthumously, it was granted to her)
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| Charles Darwin | his idea, that the genetic composition of a species can be altered through natural selection, has had a lasting impact on psychology through the evolutionary perspective
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| Dorothea Dix | American activist who successfully pressured lawmakers to construct & fund asylums for the mentally ill
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| G. Stanley Hall | first american to work for Wundt; • Founded the American Psychological Association (now largest organization of psychologists in the USA) and became first president
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| Margaret Floy Washburn | First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)
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| Paul Broca | the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscles involved in speech was named for him, because he first identified it
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| Carl Wernicke | an area of the brain (in the left temporal lobe) involved in language comprehension and expression was named for him because he discovered it
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| Michael Gazzaniga | Conducted the "HE-ART" experiments with split brain patients
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| Roger Sperry | like Gazzaniga, studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions
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| Gustav Fechner | early German psychologist credited with founding psychophysics
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| David Hubel & Torsten Weisel | two Nobel prize winning neuroscientists who demonstrated the importance of "feature detector" neurons in visual perception
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| Ernst Weber | best known for "Weber's Law", the notion that the JND magnitude is proportional to the stimulus magnitude
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| Ernest Hilgard | famous for his hypnosis research & the theory that a "hidden observer" theory
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| Robert Rescorla | researched classical conditioning; found subjects learn the predictability of an event through trials (cognitive element)
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| Edward Tolman | researched rats' use of "cognitive maps"
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| Wolfgang Kohler | considered to be the founder of Gestalt Psychology
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| George A. Miller | made famous the phrase
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| Alfred Kinsey | his research described human sexual behavior and was controversial (for its methodology & findings)
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| Diana Baumrind | her theory of parenting styles had three main types (permissive, authoratative, & authoritarian)
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| Lev Vygotsky | founder of "Social Development Theory" (note
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| Konrad Lorenz | won Nobel prize for research on imprinting
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| Carl Jung | neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation
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| Paul Costa & Robert McCrae | creators of the "Big Five" model of personality traits
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| Francis Galton | interested in link between heredity and intelligence; founder of the eugenics movement
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| Howard Gardner | best known for his theory of "multiple intelligences"
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| Charles Spearman | creator of "g-factor", or general intelligence, concept
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| Robert Sternberg | creator of "successful intelligence" theory (3 types)
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| Louis Terman | advocate of intelligence testing in US; developed Standford-Binet test and oversaw army's use of intelligence testing during WWI
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| David Weschler | developer of WAIS and WISC intelligence tests
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| Mary Cover Jones | "mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Peter" overcome fear of rabbits
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| Joseph Wolpe | described use of systematic desensitization to treat phobias
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| Leon Festinger | described concept of cognitive dissonance
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