Surgery
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| 1. Most common reason for a newborn boy not to urinate during the first day of life. 2. Diagnostic workup | 1. Posterior urethral valves
2. voiding cystourethrogram
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| Very severe testicular pain of sudden onset. 1. fever, swollen testicle 2. swollen, high riding testicle | 1. epididymitis
2. torsion
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| 1. What is the cause of recurrent UTI's in a child 2. Management | 1. Vesicoureteral reflex and infection
2. empirical antibiotics, intravenous pyelogram and voiding cystogram
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| Adolescent female feels need to urinate, and voids at appropriate intervals but is wet with urine all the time. | Low implantation of a ureter into the vagina. The other ureter has normal placement
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| Workup for hematuria. | CT scan followed by cytoscopy
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| Management of a septic patient with nephrolithiasis. | 1. IV antibiotics
2. decompression by ureteral stent or percutaneous nephrostomy
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| 1. What are the two main causes of air coming out in the urine? 2. What tests are used for diagnosis? | 1. diverticulitis or cancer causing a fistula between the sigmoid and dome of the bladder
2. CT scan first to rule out cancer followed later by sigmoidoscopic examination
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| Treatment for testicular torsion. | bilateral orchiopexy
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| Treatment for painless testicular mass. | Radical orchiectomy and sampling of inguinal lymph nodes
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| Which test is useful for detecting urinary system dilation (i.e. from obstruction). | sonogram
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| What is a contraindication for intravenous pyelogram? | creatinine >2
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| Renal mass differential diagnosis | 1. renal cell carcinoma
2. simple cyst
3. oncocytoma
4. angiomyolipoma
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| What is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder cancer? | intravesical BCG
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| What are the treatment options for bone metastases from prostate cancer? | 1. androgen ablation
2. orchiectomy
3. luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (flutamide)
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| 1. What size ureteral stones usually pass spontaneously? 2. What management is given? | 1. 3mm or less
2. analgesics and fluids
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| Which test is perform to evaluate suspected urethral injury? | retrograde urethrogram
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| Patient being allowed to pass a ureteral stone suddenly develops chills, fever spike and flank pain. What is the management? | immediate decompression with ureteral stent or percutaneous nephrostomy
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| Woman with multiple pregnancies leaks urine when laughing, sneezing or lifting heavy objects. | Stress incontinence from weak pelvic floor
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