Mammographic Technique and Image Evaluation
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| Which of the following statements is (are) true? | -Compression increases subject contrast by reducing the thickness of the penetrated tissue
-Compression increases the uniformity of the image-making diagnosis easier.
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| The compression force should not exceed ___ on the initial power drive (automatic) mode. | 45 lbs
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| In assessing the degree of compression for any one patient, the mammography should take into consideration | -the maximum to which the patient's breast can actually be compressed
-the amount of compression the patient can tolerate
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| Manual compression in mammography | depends on breast size and the patient's pain tolerance
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| Some considerations that could be given to women with painful breasts include | -having the patient take ibuprofen prior to the mammogram
-scheduling the mammogram just after the menstrual cycle
-explaining, before the examination, the importance of compression
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| Compression will do all of the following except | decrease spatial resolution
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| Compression will | -bring tissue closer to the IR
-reduce patient dose
-improve image subject contrast
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| Compression reduces radiation to the breast by | decreasing breast thickness
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| What principle does compression use to visualize the borders of circumscribed lesions? | -It brings the lesion closer to the image receptor.
-It spreads apart overlapping tissue.
-It separates superimposed areas of glandular tissue.
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| Ideally, breast compression is maximized when | -accompanied by a thorough explanation to increase patient cooperation
-the patient recognizes the advantage of compression in reducing radiation dose
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| Patients who are allowed to play an active role in applying the compression are usually | -more likely to tolerate the compression
-more relaxed during the compression
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| Magnification can be used to assess the | margins of a lesion
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| With calcification, magnification can be used to assess | -the number
-morphology
-distribution
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| In general, greater magnification will require the use of a | smaller focal spot
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| A grid is not necessary during magnification because | the large OID produces the same effect as a grid
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| The air gap in magnification increases subject contrast by | reducing scatter
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| If the magnification mammography is performed without a small focal spot, the resulting image will be magnified | and blurred
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| At higher magnification factors there is | -higher skin dose
-decreases source-to-object distance (SOD)
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| Magnification is beneficial in all of the following situations except | routine imaging
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| Magnification is beneficial in what situations | -imaging the surgical site of a patient with a lumpectomy
-imaging a specimen radiograph
-evaluating microcalcifications in a lesion
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| Using a small focal spot size is recommended for magnification | to reduce the resultant loss of image detail
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| The greatest disadvantage of magnification is | increased patient dose
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| Optical densities less than 1.0 in the dense glandular tissue of the breast is considered a/an | underexposure
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| In conventional imaging, some causes of underexposure include: | -processing deficiencies
-inadequate compression
-improper AEC setting
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| To select a 12% increase in mAs before exposure, the mammographer could | use the density compensation circuit
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| In conventional imaging, the leading cause of false-negative mammograms in dense breast tissue is | underexposure
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| In conventional imaging, overexposure is sometimes called the recoverable error because | high illumination and masking can overcome it
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| Increased kVp during mammography is sometimes necessary to penetrate dense fibroglandular tissue. Increased kVp, however, generally causes | decreased subject contrast
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| Rhodium is not used as the primary anode material when imaging thinner breast because | the higher energy of the rhodium beam is unsuitable for thinner breast
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| If the backup time stops a breast exposure, the mammographer can repeat the radiograph using a | higher kVp setting
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| The type of x-rays created from displacement of K-shell-binding electrons in the molybdenum atom are called | characteristic radiation
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| The function of the filter in mammography is to remove | -low-energy x-rays not needed to produce the breast image
-high-energy x-rays that cause a reduction of subject contrast
-low-energy x-rays that increase patient dose
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| If the AEC cell is placed over an area of adipose tissue on a breast with a mixture of adipose and glandular tissue, the areas of glandular tissue will be | underexposed
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| Causes of poor subject contrast include all of the following except | lower kVp
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| Causes of poor subject contrast include: | -inadequate exposure
-inadequate compression
-failure to use a grid
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| The use of low kVp and high mAs will serve to | reduce radiographic noise and increase subject contrast
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| A highly recommended labeling that is not required by the MQSA is | flash card identification system
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| A highly recommended labeling that is required by the MQSA is | -technologist/mammographer identification
-date stickers
-technical factors
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| Lack of breast compression is most likely to cause | motion unsharpness
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| Increasing the kVp by two points will | reduce the exposure time by half
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| The mammographer can differentiate motion unsharpness from screen unsharpness because | screen unsharpness is generally localized to a small area
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| Increasing the kVp will influence the | -penetrating power of the beam
-subject contrast and exposure latitude
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| The last degree of compression should be applied | using manual compression
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| Anatomic parts with low subject contract will have | very little difference in x-ray absorption
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