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Mammography4
Mammographic Technique and Image Evaluation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following statements is (are) true? | -Compression increases subject contrast by reducing the thickness of the penetrated tissue -Compression increases the uniformity of the image-making diagnosis easier. |
| The compression force should not exceed ___ on the initial power drive (automatic) mode. | 45 lbs |
| In assessing the degree of compression for any one patient, the mammography should take into consideration | -the maximum to which the patient's breast can actually be compressed -the amount of compression the patient can tolerate |
| Manual compression in mammography | depends on breast size and the patient's pain tolerance |
| Some considerations that could be given to women with painful breasts include | -having the patient take ibuprofen prior to the mammogram -scheduling the mammogram just after the menstrual cycle -explaining, before the examination, the importance of compression |
| Compression will do all of the following except | decrease spatial resolution |
| Compression will | -bring tissue closer to the IR -reduce patient dose -improve image subject contrast |
| Compression reduces radiation to the breast by | decreasing breast thickness |
| What principle does compression use to visualize the borders of circumscribed lesions? | -It brings the lesion closer to the image receptor. -It spreads apart overlapping tissue. -It separates superimposed areas of glandular tissue. |
| Ideally, breast compression is maximized when | -accompanied by a thorough explanation to increase patient cooperation -the patient recognizes the advantage of compression in reducing radiation dose |
| Patients who are allowed to play an active role in applying the compression are usually | -more likely to tolerate the compression -more relaxed during the compression |
| Magnification can be used to assess the | margins of a lesion |
| With calcification, magnification can be used to assess | -the number -morphology -distribution |
| In general, greater magnification will require the use of a | smaller focal spot |
| A grid is not necessary during magnification because | the large OID produces the same effect as a grid |
| The air gap in magnification increases subject contrast by | reducing scatter |
| If the magnification mammography is performed without a small focal spot, the resulting image will be magnified | and blurred |
| At higher magnification factors there is | -higher skin dose -decreases source-to-object distance (SOD) |
| Magnification is beneficial in all of the following situations except | routine imaging |
| Magnification is beneficial in what situations | -imaging the surgical site of a patient with a lumpectomy -imaging a specimen radiograph -evaluating microcalcifications in a lesion |
| Using a small focal spot size is recommended for magnification | to reduce the resultant loss of image detail |
| The greatest disadvantage of magnification is | increased patient dose |
| Optical densities less than 1.0 in the dense glandular tissue of the breast is considered a/an | underexposure |
| In conventional imaging, some causes of underexposure include: | -processing deficiencies -inadequate compression -improper AEC setting |
| To select a 12% increase in mAs before exposure, the mammographer could | use the density compensation circuit |
| In conventional imaging, the leading cause of false-negative mammograms in dense breast tissue is | underexposure |
| In conventional imaging, overexposure is sometimes called the recoverable error because | high illumination and masking can overcome it |
| Increased kVp during mammography is sometimes necessary to penetrate dense fibroglandular tissue. Increased kVp, however, generally causes | decreased subject contrast |
| Rhodium is not used as the primary anode material when imaging thinner breast because | the higher energy of the rhodium beam is unsuitable for thinner breast |
| If the backup time stops a breast exposure, the mammographer can repeat the radiograph using a | higher kVp setting |
| The type of x-rays created from displacement of K-shell-binding electrons in the molybdenum atom are called | characteristic radiation |
| The function of the filter in mammography is to remove | -low-energy x-rays not needed to produce the breast image -high-energy x-rays that cause a reduction of subject contrast -low-energy x-rays that increase patient dose |
| If the AEC cell is placed over an area of adipose tissue on a breast with a mixture of adipose and glandular tissue, the areas of glandular tissue will be | underexposed |
| Causes of poor subject contrast include all of the following except | lower kVp |
| Causes of poor subject contrast include: | -inadequate exposure -inadequate compression -failure to use a grid |
| The use of low kVp and high mAs will serve to | reduce radiographic noise and increase subject contrast |
| A highly recommended labeling that is not required by the MQSA is | flash card identification system |
| A highly recommended labeling that is required by the MQSA is | -technologist/mammographer identification -date stickers -technical factors |
| Lack of breast compression is most likely to cause | motion unsharpness |
| Increasing the kVp by two points will | reduce the exposure time by half |
| The mammographer can differentiate motion unsharpness from screen unsharpness because | screen unsharpness is generally localized to a small area |
| Increasing the kVp will influence the | -penetrating power of the beam -subject contrast and exposure latitude |
| The last degree of compression should be applied | using manual compression |
| Anatomic parts with low subject contract will have | very little difference in x-ray absorption |
Created by:
Raiderette209
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