MW Transmission Overview & Applications
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| What are the main benefits of Microwave transmission? | -Quick Deployment of Links
-Flexibility & Scalability
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| Define frequency | Number of oscillations per second -- Measured in Hertz (Hz)
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| Impact of wavelength on MW range and deployment | Low Frequency = Long Distances
--Rural Areas
High frequencies = shorter distances
-Urban Areas
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| Distance range of MW Hop Length | Up to 150KM
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| Typical MW Frequency Range | 4-80GHz
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| Define Duplex Frequency | Distance between Tx & Rx frequency
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| Frequency band is divided into... | ...lower band and upper band.
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| What is Channel Width? Typical range? | Frequency bandwidth of a channel. Typical range is from 3.5MHz to 1000MHz.
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| What are the four traffic interfaces? Which are circuit switched networks and which are packet switched networks? | PDH (Circuit)
SDH/SONET (Circuit)
Ethernet (Packet)
ATM (Packet)
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| Define PDH. What is its ANSI & ETSI data standards? Deployment application? | PDH = Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (1960s)
-ETSI (E1) = 2Mbit/s
-ANSI (DS1) = 1.5Mbit/s
Deployed in lower capacity, short range capacities.
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| Define SONET and SDH. What is data stream rate and standard of each? Deployment application? | SONET = Synchronous Optical NETworking
-ANSI Standard 155Mbit/s (OC-3)
SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
-ETSI standard 155Mbit/s (STM-1)
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| Can a single E1 in SDH signal hundreds of E1's? Can a single STM-1 signal multiple STM-1's? | Yes and yes!
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| What is a Hybrid Radio Link? | Hybrid Radio Link can carry all traffic as TDM or Ethernet or a mix of the two.
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| Advantages of MW Deployment | -Short time to Market
-Quick Roll-Out
-Easy to Expand, Modular
-Low Investment (invest as you grow)
-Low Operational Costs (install and forget)
-Application Independent
-Software Controlled Functionality
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| Timeline for MW Technology | 1930's - Start of use for MW as a transmission resource (analog signals)
1970 - MW Links produced at Ericsson. In mid 70's, first digital link
Mid 1980's - MW Links premiere in cellular networks
1990's - Digital Mobile Networks & TDM's
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| What percentage of radio base stations worldwide are connected via microwave? | 60%
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| Microwave Mobile Backhaul Applications | -Supporting 2G,3G,4G/LTE
-High capacity Fiber ring closure
-TDM only transport
-Hybrid Transport
-All Packet Transport
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| What is MIMO? | MIMO - Multiple Input & Multiple Output
--Increases MW capacity using multiple transmitters and multiple receivers.
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| What are the 3 ways to build a microwave system? | 1) All Outdoor
2) All Indoor
3) Split Mounting
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| Unprotected vs Protected Mode | Unprotected Mode = Single point of failure can lead to a complete loss of the connection.
Protected Mode = System is redundant.
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| Name the 4 different subnetworks of a MW Transmission Network | 1) Radio Network - MW radio communication to carry traffic, synchronization, and management.
2) Traffic Network - Distribution of traffic from "switching site" to "the last site."
3) Management Network - Supe0
4) Synchronization Network
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| Define the Radio Network MW subnetwork. |
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| Define the Traffic Network MW subnetwork. |
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| Define the Management Network MW subnetwork. |
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| Define the Synchronization Network MW subnetwork. | Transport of synchronization signal from the "Switching site" to transmission equipment and radio base stations.
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