Definitions for Chapter One
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| Evolution | the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today.
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| scientific inquiry | how scientist raise and attempt to answer questions about the natural world
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| mergent properties | properties that are not present at the preceding level and are due to the arrangment and interactions of parts as complexity increases
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| reductionism | the reduction of complext systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study
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| systems biology | enable biologists to predict how a change in one or more variables will affect other components and the whole system
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| cells | the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life.
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| eukaryotic cells | all forms of plant and animal life - DNA in enclosed in the nucleus
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| prokaryotic cells | found in bacteria and archaea - DNA is not enclosed in the nucleus and lacks other organelles
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| DNA | chromosomes that have almost all of the cell's genetic material - controls the development and maintenance of the entire organism
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| genes | the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offsprings- make up DNA
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| nucleotides | the chain links of DNA that contains four kinds of chemical building blocks - differences in organisms is reflective between differences in their nucleotide sequences.
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| enzymes | a class of protein crucial to all cells which catalyze (speed up) specific chemical reactions
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| proteins | controlled by DNA and serve as the tool that actually build and maintain the cell and carry out its activities
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| RNA | molecule used by DNA to translate into protein production based on the sequence of nucleotides- some regulate the functioning of protein-coding genes
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| genome | the entire library of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
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| bioinformatics | the use of computational tools to store, organize and analze the huge volume of data that result from high-throughput methods.
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| feedback regulation | the output or product of a process which regulates that very process
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| negative feedback | accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process - example ATP production
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| ATP | chemical energy resulting from a cell's breakdown of sugar
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| positive feedback | an end product speeds up its production - example platlet clotting
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| taxonomy | the branch of biology that names and classifies species
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| domain bacteria | prokaryotic cells
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| domain archaei | prokaryotic cells
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| domain eukarya | eukaryotic cells - include the kingdoms of Plantae, Fungi and Animalia
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| natural selection | the natural environment selects for the propagation of certain traits
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| inquiry | a search for information and explanation often focusing on specific questions
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| discovery science | describing nature using data based on inductive reasoning
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| inductive reasoning | derive generalizations from a large number of specific observations
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| hypothesis based science | explaining nature uses discovery based science to determine causes
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| deductive reasoning | the logic flows from the general to the specific
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| controlled experiment | an experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group- usually the effects of unwanted variables are cancelled
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| theory | much broader in scope than a hypothesis; is general enough to spin off many new specific hypotheses; supported by a much greater body of evidence
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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