Oncology Skills for a Practical Nurse
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| Neoplasm | uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells that can either be benign or malignant
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| Metastasis | the process by which tumor cells are spread to different parts of the body, cancer cells move from primary site, to a secondary site, where they may grow in the area
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| ways metastasis can occur by what ways | direct spread of tumor cellsby diffusion to other body cavaties circulation by way of blood and lymphatic channels transportation or direct transport of cells from one site to another
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| What is the role of Tcells in preventing cancer? | serve as the primary cells of the immune system, if they become low they can not fight off the abnormal cells as well
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| conditions that can suppress T cell function and increase the risk of cancer | age, drugs, alcohol, serious infections, certain diseases- like bone and lymph tissue
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| carcinoma | malignant tumors composed of epitheal cells which have a tendency to metastasize
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| sarcoma | malignant tumor of muscle, bines, & organs usually presenting painless swelling
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| Excisional biopsy | removal of the complete lesion
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| incisional biopsy | removal of a portion of tissue
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| needle/aspiration biopsy | aspiration of fluid or tissue through means of a needle
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| Interventions for skin care in an area receiving radation therapy | Do not wash off markings, if area becomes wet, dry off immediately, do not use lotion, ointments, or powder unless ok w/ Dr Protect radtiation area from direct sunlight, avoid hot or cold application, encourage high protien and high calorie diet
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| Hpw dpes a Pap smear detect cancer | If cancer cells are present they are shed and are collected then identified under a microscope
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| Biopsy | the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm Dx
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| what is a major side effect of unsealed internal radiation | causes pt & pt body fluids to become radioactive
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| activity restrictions for pt with vaginal radiation inplant | pt. must remain on bedrest, do not turn from side to side, do not tuen on abdomen, HOB never lower than 45 degrees
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| How is a bed bath and linen change different for a radition implant pt? | change linens on ly when wet and bath patient from the waist up
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| What should you do if the radiation device becomes dislodged?? | notify the Radiologist, DO
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| How should you asses the mouth for stomatitis | use a pen light, tounge balde and look for lesions, ulcers, & white plaque in mouth
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| How will you teach a pt to preform effective, gentle mouth care? | pt. use soft toothbrush, rinse mouth out with NS or sodium bicarbonate Q 2-4 hours
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| Nursing measures to prevent skin infection | clean folds of skin BID w/ soap and water, apply water soluable moisturizer, moniter IV sites for erytherma, drainage, pain, or edema, Administer meds PO instead of Injections, cleanse wound w/ occlusive dressing until healed
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| how should you assess for impending lung infection? | changes in lung sounds, resp rate, resp rhythm, and effort of breath
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| assessments of urine and bowel function to help prevent infection | color, consistency & presence of blood, changes in bowel habits & if they are starining to pass stool, avoid enemas, rectal suppositories, retal thermometers
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| Explain how anemia affects the pt. w/ CA | fatigue results decreases oxygenation to tissues from decreased hemoglobin
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| Waht is Thrombocytopenia | a common side effect of chemotherapy
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| nursing measurses to prevent injury and hemmorrage | keep mouth clean and free of debris , apply direct pressure to bleeding for 5-10 minutes, use soft toothbrush or swab for mouth care, avoid intrusion into the rectum, use an electric razor, avoid blowing nose frequently, avoid trama fallsbumps and bruises
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| part # 2 nursing measurses to prevent injury and hemmorrage | avoid th euse of aspirin or aspirin containing products, use adaquate lubricant and gentleness during sexual intercourse
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| What is alopecia | loss of hair due to the destruction of the hair follicles
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| How should a chemotherapy pt. be educated about alopecia | give info on hair loss and encourage pt. to to see a hair stylist, inform pt of scalp protection, pt. w/ long hair may want to trim or cut short so it is not such a radical change when the hair falls out
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| nursing measures for a pt. experiencing nausea and vomiting | put a cool cloth on throat and head, administer anti-emetics, use low lighting, have pt. sip carbonated beverages, assess for symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, remove odors promptly,
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| nursing measures used to assist CA pt. w/ nutritional problems | small fequent meals, in between meal supplements, try to find out what foods they like and dislike and make them available, encourage liquids, be prepared to assist w/ TPN if it becomes necessary
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| Nursing measures to prevent infection in the bone marrow | Use protective isolation or laminar airflow, Prophylactic antibiotics and antivirals, routine blood cultures, rutine stool and urine culture, routine throat culture
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| General saftey guidlines to use when caring for a pt. w/ internal radation therapy | Plan ahead to minimize time spent in pt. room, stand away from part of pt. body where rad device is implanted,wear a lead apron if you will be having direct prolonged contact near the radiated site
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| What is a general guide line for the amount of time to spend in a pt room w/ internal radiation therapy? | NO more than 10 minytues
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| What is the guideline for how far from the pt. to stand when you are not giving direct care? | 6 feet when not giving direct care
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| Who should not be allowed to visit or care for the pt. w/ rad implant?? | children under 18, pregnant women, woman who may beprgnant and not know it,
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