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Oncology Skills
Oncology Skills for a Practical Nurse
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neoplasm | uncontrolled or abnormal growth of cells that can either be benign or malignant |
| Metastasis | the process by which tumor cells are spread to different parts of the body, cancer cells move from primary site, to a secondary site, where they may grow in the area |
| ways metastasis can occur by what ways | direct spread of tumor cellsby diffusion to other body cavaties circulation by way of blood and lymphatic channels transportation or direct transport of cells from one site to another |
| What is the role of Tcells in preventing cancer? | serve as the primary cells of the immune system, if they become low they can not fight off the abnormal cells as well |
| conditions that can suppress T cell function and increase the risk of cancer | age, drugs, alcohol, serious infections, certain diseases- like bone and lymph tissue |
| carcinoma | malignant tumors composed of epitheal cells which have a tendency to metastasize |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor of muscle, bines, & organs usually presenting painless swelling |
| Excisional biopsy | removal of the complete lesion |
| incisional biopsy | removal of a portion of tissue |
| needle/aspiration biopsy | aspiration of fluid or tissue through means of a needle |
| Interventions for skin care in an area receiving radation therapy | Do not wash off markings, if area becomes wet, dry off immediately, do not use lotion, ointments, or powder unless ok w/ Dr Protect radtiation area from direct sunlight, avoid hot or cold application, encourage high protien and high calorie diet |
| Hpw dpes a Pap smear detect cancer | If cancer cells are present they are shed and are collected then identified under a microscope |
| Biopsy | the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm Dx |
| what is a major side effect of unsealed internal radiation | causes pt & pt body fluids to become radioactive |
| activity restrictions for pt with vaginal radiation inplant | pt. must remain on bedrest, do not turn from side to side, do not tuen on abdomen, HOB never lower than 45 degrees |
| How is a bed bath and linen change different for a radition implant pt? | change linens on ly when wet and bath patient from the waist up |
| What should you do if the radiation device becomes dislodged?? | notify the Radiologist, DO |
| How should you asses the mouth for stomatitis | use a pen light, tounge balde and look for lesions, ulcers, & white plaque in mouth |
| How will you teach a pt to preform effective, gentle mouth care? | pt. use soft toothbrush, rinse mouth out with NS or sodium bicarbonate Q 2-4 hours |
| Nursing measures to prevent skin infection | clean folds of skin BID w/ soap and water, apply water soluable moisturizer, moniter IV sites for erytherma, drainage, pain, or edema, Administer meds PO instead of Injections, cleanse wound w/ occlusive dressing until healed |
| how should you assess for impending lung infection? | changes in lung sounds, resp rate, resp rhythm, and effort of breath |
| assessments of urine and bowel function to help prevent infection | color, consistency & presence of blood, changes in bowel habits & if they are starining to pass stool, avoid enemas, rectal suppositories, retal thermometers |
| Explain how anemia affects the pt. w/ CA | fatigue results decreases oxygenation to tissues from decreased hemoglobin |
| Waht is Thrombocytopenia | a common side effect of chemotherapy |
| nursing measurses to prevent injury and hemmorrage | keep mouth clean and free of debris , apply direct pressure to bleeding for 5-10 minutes, use soft toothbrush or swab for mouth care, avoid intrusion into the rectum, use an electric razor, avoid blowing nose frequently, avoid trama fallsbumps and bruises |
| part # 2 nursing measurses to prevent injury and hemmorrage | avoid th euse of aspirin or aspirin containing products, use adaquate lubricant and gentleness during sexual intercourse |
| What is alopecia | loss of hair due to the destruction of the hair follicles |
| How should a chemotherapy pt. be educated about alopecia | give info on hair loss and encourage pt. to to see a hair stylist, inform pt of scalp protection, pt. w/ long hair may want to trim or cut short so it is not such a radical change when the hair falls out |
| nursing measures for a pt. experiencing nausea and vomiting | put a cool cloth on throat and head, administer anti-emetics, use low lighting, have pt. sip carbonated beverages, assess for symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalance, remove odors promptly, |
| nursing measures used to assist CA pt. w/ nutritional problems | small fequent meals, in between meal supplements, try to find out what foods they like and dislike and make them available, encourage liquids, be prepared to assist w/ TPN if it becomes necessary |
| Nursing measures to prevent infection in the bone marrow | Use protective isolation or laminar airflow, Prophylactic antibiotics and antivirals, routine blood cultures, rutine stool and urine culture, routine throat culture |
| General saftey guidlines to use when caring for a pt. w/ internal radation therapy | Plan ahead to minimize time spent in pt. room, stand away from part of pt. body where rad device is implanted,wear a lead apron if you will be having direct prolonged contact near the radiated site |
| What is a general guide line for the amount of time to spend in a pt room w/ internal radiation therapy? | NO more than 10 minytues |
| What is the guideline for how far from the pt. to stand when you are not giving direct care? | 6 feet when not giving direct care |
| Who should not be allowed to visit or care for the pt. w/ rad implant?? | children under 18, pregnant women, woman who may beprgnant and not know it, |
Created by:
LPNin11
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