Fluid & Electrolytes
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| Normal sodium value | 135-145 mEq/dl
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| Normal potassium value | 3.5-4.5
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| Normal Phosphorus value | 2.8-4.5
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| Normal calcium value | 8.5-10.2 mg/dl
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| Normal magnesium value | 1.5-2.5 mEq/dl
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| Client has alot of muscle weakness and cramping. Also enhances digitalis (digoxin toxicity). | Hypokalemia <3.5
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| Monitor patients on diuretics closely. Restrict oral and parenteral K intake as ordered. Kayexelate enema to inc. K elimination | Hyperkalemia >4.5
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| Monitor breathing closely, Patient may become confused. Possible seizures, Chvostek's sign (facial twitching), Numbness in extremeties and around mouth. | Hypocalcemia <8.5
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| Protect confused patient, monitor for digoxin tocitity, encourage high fiber intake, increase movement and exercise | Hypercalcemia >10.2
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| Monitor LOC, Very high risk for sezures, Administer isotonic 0.9% IV as ordered | Hyponatremia <135
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| Monitor LOC & behavior changes, Sezure precautions, restrict salt intake, administer hypotonic solution 0.3% NaCl as ordered | Hypernatremia >145
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| Monitor for seizure, ECG changes (cardiac muscle), digitalis toxicity, avoid excess laxatives and diuretics | Hypomagnesemia <1.5
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| LOC, Assess patellar reflex if absent notify MD, encourage fluid intake. | Hypermagnesemia >2.5
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| Monitor LOC, seizure precautions,bleeding and respiratory failure. | Hypophosphatemia <2.8
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| Cant excrete phosphorus, monitor for tetany and other signs of hypocalcemia, Monitor HR, ECG, and UO. | Hyperphosphatemia >4.5
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| Normal Cl- values | 100-106
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| Normal Mg values | 1.2-2.0
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| Normal PO4-3 | 2.5-4.5
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| Normal CO2 | 23 - 30
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| Normal HCO3-1 | 22-26
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| Normal pCO2 | 35-45
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| Normal pH | 7.35 - 7.45
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| Normal Osmolarity | 285-295mOsm / kg water
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| Normal Albumin | 3.5 - 5.5
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| Normal Hct | F= 40-48/ M-42-50
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| Normal Hgb | F= 12-16/ M= 42-50
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| PT | 11-12.5s or 1.5-2X control
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| PTT | 60-70s or 1.5-2.5X control
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