Patho 500 Ch 1 Cellular Biology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nucleus of prokaryotes | single, circular xome
🗑
|
||||
| charac of eukaryotes | membrane bound organelles, well defined nucleus with nuclear env and nucleolus----histones for DNA folding
🗑
|
||||
| Cellular fxns | Movement
Conductivity
Metabolic absorption
Secretion
Excretion
Respiration
Communication
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic cytoplasm | Cytoplasmic matrix
Cytosol
Function
Cytoplasmic organelles
🗑
|
||||
| ribosome fxn | RNA protein complexes
Free ribosomes
Attached ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Endoplasmic reticulum fxn | Site of protein synthesis
Smooth vs. rough endoplasmic reticulum
🗑
|
||||
| Gogli complex | Flattened, smooth membranes
Secretory vesicles
Proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum are packaged in the Golgi complex
Cisternae
🗑
|
||||
| lysosomes | Originate from the Golgi
Hydrolases, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
Role in autodigestion
🗑
|
||||
| peroxisomes | Contain oxidative enzymes
Break down substances into harmless products
🗑
|
||||
| mitochondria | Surrounded by a double membrane
Participate in oxidative phosphorylation
Increased inner membrane surface area provided by cristae
🗑
|
||||
| cytoskeleton | Bones and muscles” of the cell
Maintains the cell’s shape and internal organization
Permits movement of substances within the cell and movement of external projections
Microtubules
Centrioles
Microfilaments
🗑
|
||||
| plasma membrane | phosopholipid bilayer of ---phospholipids, glycolipids and cholesterol
🗑
|
||||
| pmem protein typs | integral---peripheral---transmembrane
🗑
|
||||
| function of pmem | Receptors
Transport
Enzymes
Surface markers
Adhesion molecules
🗑
|
||||
| fluid mosaic model | lipid bilyer provides basic structure and relatively IMPERMEABLE barrier to most water soluble molecules
🗑
|
||||
| raft phospholipids | richer supply of cholesterol an surround regions and form RIGID floating platforms in surface of membrane
🗑
|
||||
| name 4 proteolytic cascades | caspase mediated apoptosis---blood coagulation cascade---matrix metalloproteinase cascade---complement cascade
🗑
|
||||
| cell-to-cell adhesions bwo extracellular matrix produced by | fibroblasts, includes collagen---elastin---fibronectin
🗑
|
||||
| cell-to-cell adhesions include | cell junctions = desmosones---tight junctions---gap junctions
🗑
|
||||
| another form of cell-to-cell adhesions | gating
🗑
|
||||
| cellular communication by | direct link---gap jxn---hormonal signals---neurohormonal signals (paracrine/autocrine)---ntrans
🗑
|
||||
| signal transduction - by extracellular first messengers like Na/K exchange | convey instructions to cell interior ---transfer, amplify, distribute, modulate
🗑
|
||||
| signal transduction also by channel regulation ----and these two 2nd messenger pathways | cAMP----Ca++-----take home message of all signalling is that it alters the shapes of proteins that bring about a cellular response
🗑
|
||||
| ATP is created from | chemical energy contained within organic molecules----TRANSFERS energy from one molecule to another
🗑
|
||||
| where does oxidative phosphorylation take place | mitocondria
🗑
|
||||
| where does glycolosis occur? | in the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| what do vaults do? | transport mRNA from nucleus to ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| take home message signal transduction | ligand binds---relays/amplifies (2nd messenger)/divergence----regulation of gene expression ---effects metabolism---changes cytoskeleton
🗑
|
||||
| membrane transport - obvious are diffusion and filtration - who does osmosis roll | movement of water down a concentration gradient - related to hydrostatic pressure and solute concentrations
🗑
|
||||
| osmolality | mOsm/kgH20---preferred clinically---normal value 280-294 mOsm/kg
🗑
|
||||
| osmolarity | mOsm/L of soln
🗑
|
||||
| osmotic pressure | amount of hydrostatic pressure required to oppose the osmotic movement of water
🗑
|
||||
| osmole | unit of osmotic pressure = to that produced by an amount of solute that dissociates--> 1 mole of particles (Avogadro's #)
🗑
|
||||
| oncotic/colloidal osmotic pressure | the osmotic effect of colloids, like plasma proteins. Draws water back into venous end of a capillary----decreased oncotic pressure can't hold onto water, which goes into tissues/edema
🗑
|
||||
| what molecules can readily diffuse down the concentration gradient from ECF to ICF | 02, N, H20, urea, glycerol, C02
🗑
|
||||
| large molecules such as glucose/sucrose are too large to pass even though they are uncharged. These ions can't pass through pores with identical charges (repelled) and need specialized channels to get into cell | H+---Na+---HC03- --- Ca++ ---Cl- ---Mg++
🗑
|
||||
| potocytosis is that pesky form of transport by vesicle formation bwo of this outer survace structure | bwo the caveolae, which uptakes the molecule like a specialized lipid raft
🗑
|
||||
| the conformational-change model of mediated transport = facilitated diffusion | is the ping-pong model where the solute binds ---protein changes shape to 'pong' the the solute across the membrane
🗑
|
||||
| the channel mode of mediated transport/facilitated diffusion | channel protein forms a water filled poer across the bilayer through which specific ions can diffuse
🗑
|
||||
| mediated transport is the simultaneous movement using these 3 systems | uniport---symport---antiport
🗑
|
||||
| Active transport in the Na/K pump - requires 02 to run properly | 3 Na out---2 K in---1 ATP spend
🗑
|
||||
| place RBC in hypotonic soln of pure water, it will | swell or burst
🗑
|
||||
| place RBC in hypertonic soln of 18% saline, it will | shrink or creatinize
🗑
|
||||
| meiosis | reproduction of gametes
🗑
|
||||
| mitosis has 2 phases | phase 1 is nuclear division---phase 2 is cytokinesis
🗑
|
||||
| the cell cycle has phases of mitosis (as above) and interphase where . . . | most of the work preparing for division occurs
🗑
|
||||
| stages of interphase include G-zero, G-1, S and G-2 | G-1 = gap phase of presynthesis---S= synthesis of DNA----G2= RNA/pro synth----M=mitosis/cytokinesis----G-zero takes a rest
🗑
|
||||
| what does a growth factor actually do - EGF & TGF-alpha stimulate cell cycle | it binds to a receptor to induce the cell cycle. breast cancer has too much estrogen, which serves as growth factor---or could have faulty receptor that is active w/o a growth factor
🗑
|
||||
| growth factors influence cell cycle, 2 more examples are | cytokines and platelet derived (PDGF)
🗑
|
||||
| cells become tissue bwo these processes | founder cells --- chemotxis----contact guidance---cellular reproduction
🗑
|
||||
| epithelial tissue, comes in simple vs. stratified in these flavors | squamous---cuboidal---columnar---pseudostratified. Some are ciliated and/or with microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| types of connective tissue | ground substance---fibers---loose and dense CT----elastic and reticular CT---cartilage, bone, vascular, adipose and organs
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
lorrelaws
Popular Nursing sets