Bob Jones Life Science - Chapter 5
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| chromosome | A strand of DNA with associated proteins; usually found in the nucleus of a cell; the basis of heredity.
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| gene | A segment of DNA in which the sequence of nucleotides codes for a specific protein (or part of a protein), which in turn contributes to a specific characteristic.
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| diploid | Having two of each type of chromosome in the cells of an organism;human diploid number is 46
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| cell division | The division of one cell into two cells; includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
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| interphase | The phase of a cell's life cycle before cell division; genes are copied during this period.
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| mitosis | The duplication and separation of a cell's chromosomes; usually followed by cytokinesis.
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| prophase | The first phase of mitosis; when chromosomes coil and sister chromatids become obvious.
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| metaphase | The second phase of mitosis; the chromosomes align by their centromeres across the middle of the spindle.
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| anaphase | The third phase of mitosis; during this phase the daughter chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle.
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| telophase | The last phase of mitosis; when sister chromatids reach the ends of the spindle and the nucleus re-forms.
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| cytokinesis | The division of the cytoplasm during the process of cell division.
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| asexual reproduction | The production of a new organism without the joining of gametes; reproduction that takes place by mitotic cell division.
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| sexual reproduction | The joining of haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote, which develops into a new individual.
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| meiosis | The process whereby one diploid cell forms haploid cells (gametes).
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| gamete | A haploid cell that contains only one of each type of chromosome found in an organism; an egg or sperm
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| haploid | Having only one of each chromosome normally found in the cells of an organism, such as in gametes;human haploid number is 23.
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| fertilization | The formation of a zygote from the union of two gametes.
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| zygote | A diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | The nucleic acid that carries genetic information; usually found in the nucleus.
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| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | A nucleic acid made of a single chain of nucleotides; functions with ribosomes to form proteins
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| mRNA (messenger RNA) | The RNA molecule that transports a coded message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
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| transcription | The manufacture of a single mRNA strand from a DNA molecule.
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| protein synthesis | The manufacturing of protein inside a cell.
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| tRNA (transfer RNA) | The RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to the messenger RNA.
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| codon | A sequence of three nucleotides in a DNA molecule; each codon identifies an amino acid to be used in the protein coded by the DNA.
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| nucleotide | The basic structural unit of DNA and RNA; contains a sugar, a phosphate, and a base.
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| DNA replication | The process of forming two DNA molecules from one original DNA molecule.
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