Assessing the Respiratory System
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| What is the anteoposterior:transverse ratio? | 1:2
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| Where can signs of cyanosis be seen? | On the face and lips, also on hands and lower extremities
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| What is tactile fremitus? | Vibrations felt on surface of chest as sound passes through tissue
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| What may cause decreased tactile fremitus? | pneumothorax or obesity
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| What may cause increased tactile fremitus? | fluid/pneumonia
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| Describe normal bronchial breath sounds and where they can be heard. | Loud, harsh, high pitched sound. Longer on expiration than inspiration. Heard anteriorly over trachea and larynx.
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| Describe normal bronchovesicular breath sounds and where they can be heard. | A moderate medium pitched sound. Equal inspiration and expiration. Heard over major bronchi.
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| Describe normal vesicular breath sounds and where they can be heard. | Soft low pitched sound. Longer on inspiration than expiration. Heard over peripheral lung fields.
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| Describe a wheeze and when it would be heard. | High pitched continuous musical sound usually heard on expiration.
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| Describe a rhonchi and when it would be heard. | A low pitched continuous sound usually heard on expiration. Caused by secretion in the large airways.
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| Describe a crackle and when it would be heard. | high piched popping sounds or low pitched bubbling sounds. Discontinuous sounds usually heard on inspiration.
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| Describe a stridor and when it would be heard. | A piercing, high pitched, crowing sound. Heard primarily during respiration.
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| What is bronchophony? Describe the abnormal sound. | Abnormal clarity of spoken word heard through stethoscope. Have patient say "1,2,3" during auscultation. Abnormal if words are clear.
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| Describe what the abnormal voice sound egophony would sound like. | Ask the patient to say "eeee" while you auscultate. The abnormal sound would be if the sound changes from a muffled "eee" to an "aaa" sound
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| How do you test for pectoriloqy and what would the abnormal sound be? | Have client whisper "1,2,3" as you auscultate lung fields. Abnormal sound is if you hear what they are saying clearly. should be faint and indistinct.
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| What might cause unequal chest excurstion? | pneumonia
thoracic trauma such as a fractured rib
pneumothorax
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| What causes friction rub and what does it sound like? | Caused by inflamed pleura rubbing together. A superficial, low pitched grating sound. Like 2 pieces of leather being rubbed together.
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Created by:
MEPN 2013
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