biology-evolution
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| any pre-existing organism preserved in a material, such as rock, shells, mud or amber | fossils
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| idea that says that organisms with favorable characteristics survive and reproduce at a greater rate | natural selection
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| a group of closely related organisms capable of mating and producing fertile offspring | species
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| small or incomplete organs that have no apparent function | vestigial organs
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| a process by which existing species change or branch into a new species | evolution
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| these are different forms of the same elements, due to a different number of neutrons | isotopes
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| structures in different species that have the same evolutionary origin | homologous structures
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| he developed the idea that the more an organism used a body part, then the part would develop more | Lamarck
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| structures or behaviors that enable an organism to survive in a given environment | adaptations
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| He felt that due to certain characteristics, surviving individuals have an advantage over others in the competition for resources | Darwin
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| What type of evidence of evolution is : bones in a bird's wing and a human's arm are similar in structure | homologous structure
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| What evidence of evolution is: all organisms use ATP in energy transfer | biochemical
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| What evidence of evolution is: there are similarities in structure among the early stages of fish, birds and humans | embryology
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| What evidence of evolution is: humans, unlike rabbits, have no known use for their appendix | vesitgial organs
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| What evidence of evolution is: horses have increased in size and decreased in number of toes since the Eocene | fossil evidence
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| all genes in a population is called | gene pool
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| when brief periods of change interrupt long stable periods there is | puncutated equilibrium
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| changes in gene frequency in small populations is called | genetic drift
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| changes that occur gradually over time are called | gradualism
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| Darwin is associated with the process of | natural selection
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| this is used to determine the age of fossils | radioactive dating
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| Gene or choromosomal changes are called | mutations
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| When many species vanish at one time it is called | mass extinction
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| Mendel is associated with the evolutionary concept of | use and disuse
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| when unrelated species become less alike it is called | divergern evolution
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| when unrelated species become more alike it is called | convergent evolution
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| The steps in Darwin's theory are: | overproduction, struggle for existence, variation, natural selection
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| Most fossils are found in | sedimentary rock
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| reasonably accurate dating of fossils is possible by measuring the break down of ___________ in the rock | carbon isotopes
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| body parts that show a similar structure but are used differently by different species are | homologous structures
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| a structure or behavior that contribures to the survival of an organism in a particular environment is called an | adaptation
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| the amount of time it takes for one half of an isotope sample to change and become a new element is the isotope's | half-life
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| when dramatic changes are followed by long periods of stability it is called | punctuated equilibrium
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| when many species develop from a single ancestor there is | convergent evolution
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| when unrelated species have similar adaptations this has occurred | stabilizing selection
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| when harmful mutations do not increase in frequency this occurrs | stabilizing selection
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| Did birds, reptiles, fish or worms evolve most recently | birds
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| natural selection | acts on variations with populations
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| incomplete body organs that seem to have no useful function in a particular species are called | vestigial
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| embryos of related organisms show | many similarities
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| a change in allele frequency can lead to | speciation and a different genetic equilibrium
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