Bones function, structure, etc.
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Bones: Function (5) | Support, Protect, Movement, Storage of fat and calcium, Hematopoiesis.
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| Bone Markings Tip: Terms Beginning With T | Projections.
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| Bone Markings Tip: Terms Beginning With F (except facet) | Depressions.
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| Bones: Classification | 206 bones. Classified by tissue type and shape.
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| Compact Osseous Tissue | Dense and looks smooth.
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| Spongy Osseous Tissue | Composed of needlelike pieces and has lots of open space.
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| Long Bones | Limbs, Longer than wider, compact bone.
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| Short Bones | Sesamoid, wrist, ankle, patella. Cube-shaped and spongy.
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| Irregular Bones | Vertebrae, hips. Whatever doesn't fit into the other categories.
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| Long Bone: Composed of | Epiphysis.
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| Epiphysis | The ends of the bone.
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| Epiphysis: Composed of | Spongy bone.
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| Articular Cartilage | Covers the epiphysis. Provides slippery surface and friction free movement.
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| Articular Cartilage: Composed of | Hyaline Cartilage.
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| Epiphyseal Line | Remnant of the epiphyseal plate from childhood where lengthwise growth of bones happened.
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| Diaphysis | Middle of the bone composed of compact bone.
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| Periosteum | Covers the diaphysis.
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| Sharpey's Fibres | Secure the periosteum to the bone.
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| Nutrient Arteries | Provide blood to the tissue.
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| Medullary Cavity | Storage of fat tissue in adults: "yellow marrow". In infants, red blood cells: "red marrow".
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| Osteocytes: Location | Cavities called lacunae.
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| Lacunae: Arranged in | Concentric circles called lamella.
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| Centre of Lamella | Haversian canal.
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| Canaliculi | Tiny canals that connect bone cells to the nutrient supply and allow bones to heal quickly.
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| Calcium Salts | Give bones hardness and compression resistance.
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| Collagen Fibres | Provide flexibility and strength.
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| Ossification | Process of bone growth.
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| Osteoblasts | Convert hyaline cartilage to bone tissue in fetus.
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| Change After Growth #1 | Pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton.
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| Bedridden People | Less bone mass.
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| Body Builders | Bones are thick where muscles attach.
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| Change After Growth #2 | Calcium levels in blood.
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| Osteoclasts | When calcium is needed osteoclast break down the bone to release calcium in the blood. When calcium is high, it is deposited back on to the bones.
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| Open or Compound Break | Break that penetrates the skin.
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| Closed or Simple Break | Clean break.
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| Comminuted Break | Bone breaks into fragments.
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| Compression Break | Bone is crushed.
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| Depression Break | Bone is pressed inward (skull).
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| Spiral Break | Ragged break, occurs from twisting.
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| Impacted Break | Broken bone ends are forced into each other.
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| Greenstick Break | Incomplete break.
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| Hairline Break | Very small crack in the bone "stress fracture".
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| Rickets | Disease of children where bones fail to calcify. Bones show a "bowing". Lack of calcium or vitamin D.
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| Reduction | Realignment of broken bone ends. Manually moving bones, or through surgery.
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| Bone Healing Time | 6-8 Weeks. Takes longer for older people because of low blood circulation.
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| Bone Repair Step 1 | Hematoma Forms: Blood fills breakage area and swelling occurs.
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| Bone Repair Step 2 | Fibrocartilage forms between the break and new blood vessels fill the gap.
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| Bone Repair Step 3 | A bony callus starts to form by osteoblasts and replaces the fibrocartilage.
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| Bone Repair Step 4 | Over the next few months, the bony callus remodels itself to form a more sturdy patch on the fracture site.
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| Tuberosity | Large, rounded projection; may be roughened.
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| Condyle | Rounded articular projection.
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| Articulate (Articulation) | Joint where two bones meet.
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| Sinus | Cavity withing bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane.
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| Epicondyle | Raised area on or above a condyle.
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| Process | Any bone prominence.
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| Crest | Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent.
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| Trochanter | Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (the only examples are on femur).
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| Foramen | Round or oval opening through a bone.
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| Facet | Smooth, nearly flat articular surface.
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| Fossa | Shallow, basin-like depression in bone, often serving as an articular surface.
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| Meatus | Canal-like passageway.
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| Parts of Skeleton (2) | Axial, Appendicular.
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| Axial | Skull, Thoracic Cage, Vertebral Column.
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| Appendicular | Limbs, Pectoral Girdle, Pelvic Girdle.
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