pt with infection
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| pathology | any microorganism capable of producing disease
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| Communicable | infection transmitted from person to person
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| Pathogenicity | the ability to cause disease
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| Virulence | the degree of communicability
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| Normal Flora | characteristic bacteria of a body location; it often competes with other microorganisms to prevent infection
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| Colonization | the microorganisms present in tissue but not yet causing symptomatic disease
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| Surveilance | The tracking and reporting of infections
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| Chain of infection | Reservoirs: animals, humans, medical equiptment. Toxins: protein from bacteria to affect at a distance. Exotoxin: bacteria into environment; tetanus. Endotoxin: produced in bacteria & released only with cell lysis; typhoid. Host defenses: susceptibility
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| Immunity | resistance to infection. Passive: short duration, naturally by placental transfer or artificially by injection of antibodies
Active: lasts for years and occurs naturally by infection or artificially by stimulation of immune defenses
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| portal of entry/exit | respiratory, GI, genitourinary, skin/mucous, bloodstream
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| Mode of transmission | Contact: by direct or indirect contact
Droplet: influenza
Airborne: tuberculosis
Contaminated food or water
Vector-Borne: insects, Lyme disease
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| infection control | Health care- associated infection is acquired in the inpatient setting; not present at admission
Endogeneous infection is from a patient’s flora
Exogenous infection is from outside the patient, often the hands of health care workers
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| Methods of infection control | Hand hygiene and PPE
Adequate staffing, sterilization, disinfection, patient placement, patient transportation
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| CDC and prevention | Standard precautions: respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette. Safe injection practices
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| Transmission-based precautions | Airborne: room with negative air flow, use rebreather mask
Droplet: droplets can travel 3ft not suspended for long periods
Contact: gloves, when in contact with body fluid
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| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) | Not responding to antibiotics- best prevention is health teaching
Vancomycin and linezolid
VRE: can live in intestinal tract, if out of digestive system. It can be dangerous
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| Problems from inadequate antimicrobial therapy | Noncompliance, legal sanctions that compel a pt to complete treatment, such as in TB. Septicemia and Septic shock. Sepsis: give NS 5%, will have thread HR, decreased BP
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| Collaborative care | History, physical assessment and clinical manifestations. Psychosocial assessment. Laboratory assessment including: culture antibiotic sensitivity testing, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serologic testing, imaging assessment
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