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pt with infection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pathology | any microorganism capable of producing disease |
| Communicable | infection transmitted from person to person |
| Pathogenicity | the ability to cause disease |
| Virulence | the degree of communicability |
| Normal Flora | characteristic bacteria of a body location; it often competes with other microorganisms to prevent infection |
| Colonization | the microorganisms present in tissue but not yet causing symptomatic disease |
| Surveilance | The tracking and reporting of infections |
| Chain of infection | Reservoirs: animals, humans, medical equiptment. Toxins: protein from bacteria to affect at a distance. Exotoxin: bacteria into environment; tetanus. Endotoxin: produced in bacteria & released only with cell lysis; typhoid. Host defenses: susceptibility |
| Immunity | resistance to infection. Passive: short duration, naturally by placental transfer or artificially by injection of antibodies Active: lasts for years and occurs naturally by infection or artificially by stimulation of immune defenses |
| portal of entry/exit | respiratory, GI, genitourinary, skin/mucous, bloodstream |
| Mode of transmission | Contact: by direct or indirect contact Droplet: influenza Airborne: tuberculosis Contaminated food or water Vector-Borne: insects, Lyme disease |
| infection control | Health care- associated infection is acquired in the inpatient setting; not present at admission Endogeneous infection is from a patient’s flora Exogenous infection is from outside the patient, often the hands of health care workers |
| Methods of infection control | Hand hygiene and PPE Adequate staffing, sterilization, disinfection, patient placement, patient transportation |
| CDC and prevention | Standard precautions: respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette. Safe injection practices |
| Transmission-based precautions | Airborne: room with negative air flow, use rebreather mask Droplet: droplets can travel 3ft not suspended for long periods Contact: gloves, when in contact with body fluid |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) | Not responding to antibiotics- best prevention is health teaching Vancomycin and linezolid VRE: can live in intestinal tract, if out of digestive system. It can be dangerous |
| Problems from inadequate antimicrobial therapy | Noncompliance, legal sanctions that compel a pt to complete treatment, such as in TB. Septicemia and Septic shock. Sepsis: give NS 5%, will have thread HR, decreased BP |
| Collaborative care | History, physical assessment and clinical manifestations. Psychosocial assessment. Laboratory assessment including: culture antibiotic sensitivity testing, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serologic testing, imaging assessment |
Created by:
smarti13
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