pnuemonia/pleural effusion/aspiration pneumonia/COPD
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| collapsed airless alveoli, caused by airway obstruction, most often from retained secretions, risk factors include intubation, narcotics, rib fractures, bedrest, immobility. | atelectasis
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| insertion of needle into pleural space to remove excess plueral fluid, obtain specimen, instill meds | thoracentesis
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| acute inflammation of lung parenchyma caused by infection, microbes enter the normally sterile lower resp system, infection causes alveoli to become fluid or pus-filled, inflamed | pneumonia
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| onset is in community or during first 2 days of hospitalization, usually 10-14 day antibiotic | community acquired pneumonia
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| occuring 48 hrs or longer after hospital admission, more serious | hospital acquired pneumonia
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| progressive dyspnea, dec chest wall movement affected, pleuritic pain, absent or decrease breath sounds affected side | pleural effusion
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| results from abnormal entry of secretions or suibstances into lower airway Risk Factors include dec level of consciousness, feeding tube, N & V, CVA, dysphagia, and artificial airway (trach or endotrach tube) | aspiration pneumonia
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| presence of chronic production cough for 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years, excess mucous production and airway obstruction, bronchial walls thickened, narrowing | chronic bronchitis
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| abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces to the terminal bronchioles, hyperinflation of the alveoli, destruction of the alveolar walls & pulmonary capillary beds, decreased ability to oxygenate blood | emphysema
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| hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from pulmomary hypertension, complication of COPD. symp: wheezing, fatigue, productive cough, weakness, crackles @ bases, JVD, wt gain, can lead to R sided heart failure if untx | cor pulmonale
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| secondary to hypoxia, bodys attempt at compensation, r/t dialationand failure of the right ventricle, wheezing, fatigue, productive cough, weakness, crackles @ bases complication of COPD. Lack of 02 causes erythopoiesis, too mnay RBC's | polycythemia
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| Persistent cough, sputum production, dyspnea, hemoptysis, chest pain, wheezes are all signs of a respiratory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. | disorder
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| _ _ _'s are done in respiratory therapy department, airflow measured with spirometer, measures lung volumes, breathing mechanics, diffusion, gas exchange with emphasis on exhalation, & determines extent of dysfunction. | PFT pulmonary function tests
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| To improve airway _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ encourage hydration, humidification, coughing techniques, chest physiotherapy, position changes, o2 therapy. | clearance
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| to prevent _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, elevate HOB, turn pt to side when vomiting, prevent stimulation of gag reflex, assessment of proper insertion of feeding tube, rehab therapy for swallowing. | aspiration
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| To diagnose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you could used CXR, CT scan, or thoracentesis | pleural effusion
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| A collapsed lung is also known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | pneumothorax
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| progressive airflow limitation, not fully reversible, preventable and treatable, abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to noxious particles of gases | COPD
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| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the most common risk factor for COPD. Accounts for 80-90% deaths of COPD. Most preventable cause of premature death. | smoking
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| Long term low flow 02, loop diuretic, Restrict Na, bronchodilators, vasodilators are the Tx for _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | cor pulmonale
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| #1 nursing diagnosis for COPD pts is ? | impaired gas exchange
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| To imporve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, bronchodilaotrs, corticosteriods, huff coughing, chest PT, pursed lip breathing, and 02 thearpy will help. | gas exchange
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| To improve _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, focus of imporving ADL's, excercise training, pacing of activities, and collaborative approach. | activity tolerance
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| Reversible airflow obstruction is _ _ _ _ _ _ ? | asthma
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| chronic inflam disorder of airways results from inflammation or airway hyperresponsiveness. Affects the bronchioles not alveoli. | Asthma
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| Dyspnea, chest tightness, coughing, wheezing, mucous production, accessory muscles, and poor 02 sat % | Asthma
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| These are done before and after bronchdilator use. If they improve it is diagnostic to asthma. | PFT's pulmonary function tests
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| This type of medication will relax airway smooth muscle, improves ventilation, reduces breathlessness, PRN or scheduled dosing. | Bronchodilators
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| inhaled steroid, sweet taste as sweetner added so you know you got the med, sharp quick breath to activate powder, follow with slow deep inspiration. Benefit is immediate absorption | Diskus: Advair
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| Oral inhalation med, Tx of COPD ONLY, inhibits M3 receptors at smooth muscle. Result is bronchodilation with daily dose. | Spiriva Handihaler
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| Used for anti-inflamm, S/E elevated blood glucose, fluid retention, skin changes, GI upset, and delayed wound healing. long term effects include buffalo hump, moon face, thinning of skin, loss of muscle mass, diabetes, and osteoporosis | Corticosteriods
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| 1st inhaler med given is Albuterol. 2nd in long acting bronchodilator like Atrovent. 3rd is steroid like Advair | Order of Inhaler Medications
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