type 1 & 2/insulin/complications
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| The process by which glycogen (stored in liver) is broken down and released into bloodstream is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _? HINT:Gluconeogensis is newly created glucose from proteins & fats. | glycogenolysis
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| _ _ _ _ _ cells in the pancreas secrete glycogen for digestion, _ _ _ _ cells secrete insulin, and _ _ _ _ _ cells secrete digestive enzymes. | alpha beta delta
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| Without "the key" known as _ _ _ _ _ _ _, glucose can't get in the cells and they will eventually die. | insulin
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| _ _ _ _ _ _ makes our bodies release epinephrine, cortisol, glucose, & growth hormone. This why we want to eliminate as many as we can. | stress
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| _ _ (abbreviation)results from abnormal insulin production (type 1/not enough or none at all) or impaired insulin utilization (type 2/receptors resist or not enough). | DM
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| insulin dependent-onset is rapid,acute-3 P's-usually <30yrs old-often lean body type-triggered by autoimmune or virus-all pts REQUIRE injected insulin source | type 1
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| Remission period of type 1, can last a few months to 1 year in time, minimal insulin requirement, TEMPORARY CONDITION ONLY | honeymoon
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| Fasting blood glucose range 100-125mg/dl, increaased risk for development of type 2, usually asymptomatic, target organ damage may be occurring. | prediabetes
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| Onset is usually gradual, progressive, >30yrs old, runs in families, most common risk factor is obesity, can change into type 1 if left untreated. | type 2
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| Fasting blood sugars >126 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, 100-125 = _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, <100 = _ _ _ _ _ _. | diabetes prediabetes normal
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| Glycosylated Hgb A1C measures glucose attached to hgb, it doesn't diagnose diabetes. Low levels = decreased risk for complications. The goal is < or = to _% | 7
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| _ _ _ _ _-acting insulin can be used as sliding scale coverage. Onset is _ _ mins, Peak is _ _-_ _ mins, Duration is _-_ hrs. HINT "-log" | Rapid 15 60-90 3-4
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| _ _ _ _ _-acting insulin is the only type that can be given i.v. Onset is _ _hrs, Peak is _-_ hrs, Duration is _-_ hrs. "Regular" R on vial | Short 1/2-1 2-3 3-6
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| Basal:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-acting insulin is CLOUDY, onset is _-_ hrs, _-_ _ hrs, _ _-_ _ hrs. "NPH" N on vial | Intermediate 2-4 4-10 10-16
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| Basal:_ _ _ _-acting insulin has onset of _ hr no peak and lasts _ _ hrs. It cant be mixed with any other insulin. | Long 1 24
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| The faster injection site for insulin is the _ _ _ _ _ _ _. can also use back of arms, thigh, buttocks | abdomen
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| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ noturnal hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia. caused by too much insulin. Tx give bedtime snack. | somogyi
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| _ _ _ _ phenomenon is hypergylcemia that is present upon wakening. Peaks in adolescence bc growth hormone is released. Tx evening dose of NPH around 10pm | Dawn
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| Insulin pumps are continuous and use two types of insulins, _ _ _ _ _ & _ _ _ _ _. rotate needle sites q 2-3 days | rapid short
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| With infection- insulin needs may _ _ _ _ _ _ | double
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| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride) an oral diabetic med, inc insulin secretion from pancreas, S/E wt gain & hypoglycemia, take w 1st meal | sulfonylureas
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| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (repaglinide, nateglinide) inc insulin production and secretion from pancreas stat after a meal, take within 30 min of meal when tray is in front of you, dont take NPO, less chance of hypoglycemia | meglitinides
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| _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (metformin) is 1st line agent for type 2, reduces hepatic glucose production, hold if getting dye 24-48 hrs before & after, never give to renal patients. | biguanides
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| (pioglitizone), most affective for insulin resistance, never give to pt with heart condition, full cardio workout b4 prescribed assess heart, peripheral edema, run liver function tests | TZD's
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| nutritionally, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ should not be given in high quantities to diabetic pts, causes strain on kidneys, usually r high in sat fats | protein
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| _ _ _ _glycemia is blood glucose <70. Sympt: mild=tremors, nausea, cold, clammy skin/moderate=confusion, poor coordination, lethargy, fatigue/severe=coma, death | hypoglycemia
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| _ _ _ is most common with type 1. hyperglycemia, ketones in urine, fruit breath, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, deep shallow kussmaul breathing, low CO2 bc hyperventilating. Tx iv insulin & fluids | DKA
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| Type 2, usually >60yrs old, blood glucose >400, more SEVERE neuro sympt | HHNS
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| Diabetes Complications including Stroke, MI, Amputations. tight glucose control will help limit/prevent this. | Macrovascular
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| Diabetes Complications including retinopathy (#1 reason diabetics go blind), nephropathy (#1 reason leads to ESRD), neuropathy Tx neurotin CANT BE REVERSED | Microvascular
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| Injury to foot usually r/t broken bone no feeling though bc neuropathy in diabetics | Charcot Deformity
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