SQL
Help!
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| SELECT and WHERE | SELECT <colName1>, <colName2> FROM <table name> WHERE <colNam3> = <param>
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| AND/OR | SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE LastName='Svendson'
AND (FirstName='Tove' OR FirstName='Ola')
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| ORDER BY | SELECT * FROM Persons
ORDER BY LastName DESC
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| INSERT INTO _____ VALUES | INSERT INTO Persons
VALUES (4,'Nilsen', 'Johan', 'Bakken 2', 'Stavanger')
INSERT INTO Persons (P_Id, LastName, FirstName)
VALUES (5, 'Tjessem', 'Jakob')
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| UPDATE _______ SET | UPDATE Persons
SET Address='Nissestien 67', City='Sandnes'
WHERE LastName='Tjessem' AND FirstName='Jakob'
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| DELETE | DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column=some_value
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| TOP | SELECT TOP 2 * FROM Persons
SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT * FROM Persons
ORACLE equiv: SELECT *
FROM Persons
WHERE ROWNUM <=5
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| LIKE | SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City LIKE '%tav%'
SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE City NOT LIKE '%tav%'
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| % | A substitute for zero or more characters
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| _ | A substitute for exactly one character
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| [^charlist] or [!charlist] | Any single character not in charlist
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| IN | SELECT * FROM Persons
WHERE LastName IN ('Hansen','Pettersen')
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| BETWEEN | SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
BETWEEN value1 AND value2
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name
NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2
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| ALIAS | For tables:
SELECT po.OrderID, p.LastName, p.FirstName
FROM Persons AS p,
Product_Orders AS po
WHERE p.LastName='Hansen' AND p.FirstName='Ola'
for columns:
SELECT column_name AS alias_name
FROM table_name
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| JOIN or INNER JOIN | SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
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| LEFT JOIN | SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
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| RIGHT JOIN | SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
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| FULL JOIN | SELECT Persons.LastName, Persons.FirstName, Orders.OrderNo
FROM Persons
FULL JOIN Orders
ON Persons.P_Id=Orders.P_Id
ORDER BY Persons.LastName
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| UNION (only selects distinct values) | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
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| UNION ALL | SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name2
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| INTO | SELECT column_name(s)
INTO new_table_name [IN externaldatabase]
FROM old_tablename
SELECT *
INTO Persons_Backup IN 'Backup.mdb'
FROM Persons
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| CREATE DATABASE | CREATE DATABASE database_name
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| CREATE TABLE | CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int,
LastName varchar(255),
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
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| NOT NULL | -- can't update or add new records w/o having value for notnull constrained col, col has to have value
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
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| UNIQUE | CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
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| UNIQUE (multiple columns) | CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
CONSTRAINT uc_PersonID UNIQUE (P_Id,LastName)
)
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| UNIQUE (to add after table already created [alter] table) | ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD UNIQUE (P_Id)
for multiple columns:
ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT uc_PersonID UNIQUE (P_Id,LastName)
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| UNIQUE (to remove constraint) | ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT uc_PersonID
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| PRIMARY KEY | CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
)
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| PRIMARY KEY (multiple columns) | CREATE TABLE Persons
(
P_Id int NOT NULL,
LastName varchar(255) NOT NULL,
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255),
CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id,LastName)
)
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| (To add key after table already created): PRIMARY KEY | ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD PRIMARY KEY (P_Id)
ALTER TABLE Persons
ADD CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID PRIMARY KEY (P_Id,LastName)
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| (To remove constraint): PRIMARY KEY | ALTER TABLE Persons
DROP CONSTRAINT pk_PersonID
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
sjampana920
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