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gillambiology ch 10-17,28 review randomized list

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
EXOSKELETON   Arthropods have an -?- made of chitin.  
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OXYGEN   There was no -?- in the early Earth's atmosphere.  
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CHROMOSOMES   Humans have 46 -?-  
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OPEN   Arthropods have an -?- circulatory system.  
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RADIATION   Chemicals, viruses, and -?- can all cause mutation.  
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BOOK LUNGS   Scorpions use -?- for respiration.  
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GENERATIONS   It takes many -?- for evolution to occur.  
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EMBRYOS   The similarities in -?- of different species can be explained by the theory of evolution.  
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TRAITS   Many of your -?- caused by your genes can not bee seen.  
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SEGMENTED   Arthropods have a -?- body.  
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HEREDITY   Genetic scientists study -?-, and try to understand how traits get passed on to offspring.  
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LIVE   A person can -?- without a Y chromosome, but not without an X chromosome.  
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INSERTIONS   Substitutions, deletions, and -?- are all examples of point mutations.  
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STOP   Natural selection will -?- evolution when the species is perfect.  
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THEORY   It is a -?- that evolution has created all the different species that exist on Earth today.  
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JOINTED   All arthropods have -?- appendages.  
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PAIRS   Humans have 23 -?- of chromosomes in each cell.  
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SEGREGATION   During -?- a "coin" is flipped to see which allele a person is carrying will be give to the gamete they are producing.  
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MENDEL   Who was the "father" of genetics?  
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CELLS   According to figure 10-1 all snails have the same size -?-  
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INTERPHASE   According to figure 10-4 the cell cycle can be divided up into two main segments: cell division and -?-  
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HIMALAYAN   According to figure 11-12, what color coat is recessive to all other colors accept albino?  
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POLYPEPTIDE   According to figure 12-18 , what is another name for a protein, or chain of amino acids.  
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BEAGLE   Darwin took a 3-year voyage on a ship named -?-.  
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PHENOTYPE   The colors in a pedigree chart represent the -?- of the individuals.  
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SEXUAL   Most variation in a population is the result of -?- reproduction.  
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ABSOLUTE   Carbon-14 dating is a method of finding the -?- age of fossils less than 60,000 years old.  
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GRADUALISM   Darwin believed in a slow and steady evolution know today as -?-  
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BLUEPRINT   RNA is like a -?- of the parts of the master plan.  
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SCORPION   A -?- is a carnivorous arachnid with pincers and a poison barb at the end of its abdomen.  
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BOOK LUNG   Spiders use a -?- for respiration.  
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FRAME   A deletion of a base in DNA results in a -?- shift mutation that will affect many amino acids.  
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FALSE   In Griffith's experiments a mixture of nice and killer bacteria would probably not harm the mice. truth or false  
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VIRUS   A bacteriophage is a -?-  
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CHROMOSOME   A -?- is a highly coiled DNA molecule visible only during cell division.  
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BARR BODY   Cells in a girl often have a -?- because the cell deactivates one of the X chromosomes and pushes it to the side.  
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CHROMATID   Each half of a chromosome is called a -?-  
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POLYPLOIDY   A condition where a plant has an entire extra set of chromosomes.  
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CENTIPEDE   A -?- is a carnivorous arthropod with 2 legs per segment.  
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POPULATION   A -?- is a group of the same species that interbreed.  
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CORE   The -?- of a virus is made of DNA  
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CEPHALOTHORAX   What part of a crayfish is covered by the carapace.  
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MILLIPEDE   A -?- is a detritivore, with 4 legs per segment.  
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RESTRICTION   -?- enzymes are able to cut DNA at specific base sequences.  
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MALARIA   The good thing about having half your blood cells sickle shaped is that you are less likely to get -?-  
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SPECIATION   -?- occurs during adaptive radiation.  
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POINT   A mutation that affects just one base is called a -?- mutation.  
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RECOMBINATION   Crossing over is also know as -?-, the frequency of which can be measured as an indication of how close genes are on a chromosome.  
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SPIRACLES   The air exits an insect's tracheal tubes through holes called -?-.  
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THORAX   The legs of an insect are attached to the -?-  
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LARGE INTESTINE   If we ANALYZE DATA we find that the cells of the -?- take about 6 days to complete a life cycle.  
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SPECIALIZATION   It is -?- and division of labor that allows insect societies to do so much.  
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FOSSILS   Darwin collected -?- and samples of the living species during his voyage.  
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ZERO   Spiders have -?- antenna.  
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CODOMINANT   Since people who are heterozygous for the sickle cell anemia gene have both round and crescent shaped cells, the normal and the sickle cell gene must be -?-  
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RECESSIVE   Lethal genetic disorders are usually -?-, otherwise they would never get passed on to the next generation.  
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ADENINE   Guanine and -?- are both purines.  
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WALLACE   It was an article by -?- which contained many ideas identical to Darwin's, that finally forced Darwin to publish "On the Origin of Species".  
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PROTEINS   Bad DNA creates bad -?- that create bad traits.  
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TICK   A -?- is basically a parasitic arachnid.  
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NATURAL   -?- selection can be stabilizing, disruptive, or directional.  
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CUAAUGU   What would GATTACA be transcribed into?  
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ARTIFICIAL SELECTION   Humans have been able to mold species to our liking through hundred of years of -?-  
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CENOZOIC   The -?- era began about 65 million years ago.  
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RELATED   DNA is now being used to prove that species are -?-  
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DNA   One reason really big cells cannot exist is that the -?- can only control so much.  
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SURFACE   One reason really big cells cannot exist is that as the cell gets the bigger the -?- to volume ratio goes down.  
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EIGHT   How many different blood types are there?  
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THREE   Insects have -?- body segments.  
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TWO   Spiders have -?- body sections.  
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TODAY   Lyell wrote a book about geology where he suggested that the past must be explained by what we see happening -?-  
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THOUSAND   Prior to the books by Lyell and Hutton, everyone assumed the Earth was just a few -?- years old.  
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CLONE   An identical twin born to a different mother at a different time would be a -?-  
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VENTRAL   Bugs have a brain connected to a -?- nerve cord.  
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ILLEGAL   It is possible but -?- to clone humans today.  
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POLYGENIC   I.Q. is determined by the interaction of many genes working together, in other words I.Q. is a -?- trait.  
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POLYGENIC   -?- traits cannot by crossed using a Punnett square.  
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INTRONS   What do we call the parts of the DNA that don't say anything?  
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EXONS   What do we call the parts of the DNA that actually code for proteins?  
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MUTATION   What do we call a change in the base sequence in the DNA?  
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GENE   What do we call a section of DNA that codes for a protein?  
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DIRECTIONAL   -?- selection will cause the average of a polygenic trait to shift either higher or lower.  
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DISASTERS   Natural -?- can cause evolution, even in the absence of natural selection.  
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INBREEDING   Although -?- can cause problem, it does maintain the desired characteristics in the offspring.  
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GENETICDRIFT   -?- is evolution caused by accident rather than natural selection.  
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IDENTICAL   Mitosis produces new cells that are genetically -?- to each other and the cell they came from.  
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DIFFERENTIATION   The specialization of cells into different tissues is know as -?-  
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DIFFERENT   Meiosis produces new cells that are genetically -?- from each other and the cell they came from.  
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ADAPTED   Darwin said species changed as they -?- to their environments.  
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SPINY   The echinoderms are characterized by their -?- skin.  
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SQUARE   In a pedigree chart a male is represented by a -?-  
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PAIRS   Humans have 23 chromosome -?-  
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LETHAL   Having an extra chromosome is usually a -?- condition.  
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TRANSGENIC   Most of the cloned organism have been rare -?- organism made with recombinant DNA technology.  
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MATES   Most non-social insects communicate in order to find -?-  
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CYTOSINE   What is the complimentary base that goes with guanine in a DNA molecule?  
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POOL   The gene -?- consists of all the alleles in a population.  
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ENVIRONMENTS   Species on different continents look similar because they have been evolving in similar -?-.  
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NERVES   Knowing how to control the cell cycle could lead to a cure to cancer and treatments to repair damaged -?-  
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CHROMOSOME   DNA that is copied and bundled is called a -?-  
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PLATE   In plants cells cytokinesis is performed by the construction of a cell -?- across the middle of the cell.  
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OVER PRODUCTION   Malthus helped Darwin realize that all species have the capacity for -?-.  
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EVOLUTION   Today -?- is defined as a change in the frequency of the alleles in a population.  
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PALEOZOIC   The -?- era did not follow a mass extinction.  
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EMBRYO   The only real difference between a clone and any other individual is the way the -?- was made.  
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HOMOLOGOUS   -?- structures look different but evolved from the same organs.  
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FERTILIZATION   During -?- the DNA of two cells is joined into one.  
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GEOGRAPHICAL   If one species does not mate with another species because a river separates them, then that is a -?- isolation technique.  
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VARIATION   Artificial selection works due to the natural -?- that exists in all species.  
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POLLINATION   Many foods we eat depend on -?- by insects.  
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SIMILARITIES   Much of the evidence for evolution comes from the fact that the many -?- among the different species suggest a common ancestry.  
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FOSSIL   The most compelling evidence that evolution has occurred is the -?- record.  
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TIME   Darwin used the evidence provided by Hutton and Lyell to show that there was lots of -?- for evolution to occur.  
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ANCESTORS   The theory of evolution includes the idea that fossils represent the -?- of species alive today.  
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ALL   Darwin's theory of evolution attributed -?- life on earth to a common ancestor.  
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ACQUIRED   Lamarck believed that evolution was the result of -?- traits being passed on.  
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OPERATOR   In bacteria gene expression can be controlled when repressor proteins knot the DNA by attaching to the -?- site on the DNA strand.  
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COMPOUND   Insects have -?- eyes.  
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DOMINANCE   Mendel believed the F1 generations of hybrids were all the same was due to the -?- of certain traits.  
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CAN   It is a fact that evolution -?- occur.  
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ASEXUAL   -?- reproduction is fast, but produces no variation.  
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POLAR BODIES   Meiosis in females results in one egg and 3 -?-  
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MAMMALS   There were a few small -?- alive during the Mesozoic era.  
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PRECAMBRIAN   -?- was the first and longest period of time in the geologic time scale.  
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PROPHASE   What is the first step of mitosis?  
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AUG   What codon codes for methionine?  
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GILLS   Crustaceans use -?- for respiration.  
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ACHONDROPLASIA   The fancy name for the disorder caused by a dominant gene which results in little people.  
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TETRADS   During meiosis -?- form as 2 homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) line up together in the middle of the cell.  
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RELATIVE   -?- dating of fossils tells us which came first and which came last, but not how old they are.  
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SEDIMENTARY   Most fossils are found in -?- rocks.  
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TRILOBITES   Arthropods have evolved from -?-.  
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AVERY   Who discovered that gene were made of DNA in 1944?  
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ELECTRICITY   In order to get an egg to accept the replacement DNA scientist use -?- to encourage the cell to fuse and begin mitosis.  
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PNEUMONIA   What disease did Griffith inject into mice?  
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MESOZOIC   The -?- era had a mass extinctions before and after it.  
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RECOMBINANT   -?- DNA technology has allowed us to create glowing mice.  
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URACIL   Unlike DNA, RNA has a -?- base.  
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ABPOSITIVE   What blood type has the most protein antigens in it?  
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FOUR   The crustaceans usually have -?- antennae.  
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OPERONS   Humans do not have -?-, so our cells can access each gene individually.  
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READ   After completing the HGP people were heard to say, now that we have the book we need to how to -?- it.  
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TWENTY THREE   A normal human egg has -?- chromosomes.  
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EARTH   Darwin figured that if the -?- could change as Hutton and Lyell suggested, them maybe life could change.  
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REPRODUCTIVE   Meiosis occurs only in the -?- organs of a birds body.  
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UNZIP   The first step in replication of DNA is to -?- the DNA molecule.  
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GENES   Differentiation is accomplished in humans by the control of the expression of -?-  
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POPULATIONS   -?- evolve, not individuals.  
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MOLTING   During -?- an insects sheds its old exoskeleton.  
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ZERO   If big toes is dominant, and little toes is recessive, what is the probability of getting a little toed kid when a homozygous big toed person is crossed with a homozygous little toed person?  
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DNA FINGERPRINT   A -?- is produced by analyzing the junk DNA between the genes.  
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SINGLE   Unlike DNA, RNA is a -?- strand.  
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EQUILIBRIUM   If a population is not evolving then it must be in a state of genetic -?-  
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WEATHER   The different Galapagos islands had a variety of -?- patterns.  
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ENVIRONMENT   During natural selection it is the -?- that determines which organisms will survive.  
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MILLIONS   Hutton said that it took -?- of years for the Earth's features to form.  
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MAN   During artificial selection, it is -?- that decides who will live and die.  
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MUTATIONS   Though out history it has been the introduction of random -?- that has provided the source of useful and novel characteristics along with genetic disorders.  
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TELOPHASE   What is the last step of mitosis?  
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FITTEST   Natural selection only lets the -?- survive.  
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PAGE   A gene is like a -?- in the master plan.  
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BOOK   A chromosome is like a -?- in the master plan.  
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CODOMINANT   If a bear looks gray because it has white hairs and black hairs then the black and white genes must be -?-  
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DINOSAURS   There were a lot of -?- during the Mesozoic era.  
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FISH   There were a lot of -?- during the Paleozoic era.  
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THREE   How many bases make a codon?  
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STABILIZING   -?- selection will make the bell shaped curve of phenotypes taller with steeper sides.  
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SPECIES   Darwin wondered so many different -?- existed.  
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PUNCTUATED   The fossil record matches better with a -?- equilibrium pattern of evolution.  
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ORGAN   Someday soon we may have transgenic pigs that can act as -?- donors for humans.  
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NONE   What animals did Mendel do genetic experiments on?  
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NUCLEOTIDES   What are the monomers used to make DNA?  
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REPRODUCE   By definition, the most fit organisms are the ones that -?- most.  
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NONDISJUNCTION   Down syndrome is most often the result of -?- that occurs during the formation of an egg cell.  
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MANDIBLES   Crustaceans usually have mouth parts called -?-.  
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RIBOSOME   Where is the mRNA translated?  
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SUBSTITUTION   What type of mutation will only affect one amino acid in the resultant protein?  
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COLEOPTERA   What is the name of the insect order with the most species?  
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DEOXYRIBOSE   What is the name of the sugar in DNA?  
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RIBOSE   What is the name of the sugar in RNA?  
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HYBRIDIZATION   -?- can produce new types of plants with traits that represent the best of both worlds.  
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MITOSIS   What process creates new skin cells to replace old ones?  
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CYCLINS   What are the newly discovered chemicals called that have a controlling influence over the cell cycle?  
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CONTACT   -?- inhibition cause normal cells to stop growing when they become crowded by neighboring cells.  
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NUCLEUS   Prokaryotic cells do not have a -?- to hold their single strand of DNA  
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DISRUPTIVE   -?- selection will not change the average of a polygenic trait, but it will reduce the number of individuals that have the average.  
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REFLEXES   Since Echinoderms do not have a brain it is assumed that there responses to stimuli are guided by -?-  
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CHROMATIN   DNA that is not bundled up is called -?-  
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RRNA   What type of nucleic acid is a ribosome made of?  
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TRNA   What type of nucleic acid brings amino acids to the ribosomes?  
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RANDOM   Since all naturally occurring mutations are -?-, it is very rare for it to be beneficial.  
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GENE   The modern definition of a -?-, is a section of DNA that controls a particular trait.  
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GEOGRAPHIC   The -?- distribution of species can be explained by the fact that species on different continents descended from different ancestors.  
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THOUSANDS   Humans have -?- of genes.  
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THOUSANDS   There are -?- of genes on your DNA.  
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MALE   The anterior pair of swimmerets are enlarged in the -?- crayfish.  
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CROSSING OVER   The process of -?- allow for novel combinations of genes to be created from a limited pool of chromosomes.  
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LAY EGGS   The job of a queen insect is to -?-  
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GATTACA   If one side of a DNA molecule had CTAATGT on it, what would the other side have on it?  
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LARVA   The immature form of an insect that undergoes complete metamorphosis is called a -?-  
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BILLIONS   Humans have -?- of bases in their DNA.  
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KIDNEYS   The malpighian tubules of insects have the same function as human -?-  
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ANAPHASE   During which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids get pulled apart?  
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METAPHASE   During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell?  
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FREQUENCY   The relative -?- of an allele gives its percentage of the gene pool for that trait.  
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INTRON   Usually a mutation of an -?- will not harm a person.  
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BEHAVIORAL   If one type of ant won't mate with another species of ant because it does not smell right, then those two species are using a -?- isolation technique.  
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ALLELES   The various forms of a gene are called -?-  
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CYTOKINESIS   The final part of the cell cycle when the cell becomes two cells is called -?-  
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BACTERIA   The first forms of life on Earth were -?-  
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NYMPH   The immature form of an insect that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis is called a -?-  
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COMPETE   Overproduction causes the offspring to -?- for the limited resources.  
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BOYS   A recessive gene on the X chromosome will be expressed most often in -?-  
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GIRLS   A dominant gene on the X chromosome will be expressed most often in -?-  
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TRANSFERRNA   The anticodons are on the -?-.  
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CEPHALIZATION   What is the one thing that all Echinoderms lack?  
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MEIOSIS   What process turns one normal diploid body cell into 4 haploid sex cells.  
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GREEN GLANDS   What crayfish organ lies in the head near the brain?  
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CELLS   How naturally created organic chemicals could have formed into living -?- is still a mystery to science.  
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CYSTIC FIBROSIS   Approximately 1 out of 30 people is a carrier for the gene that causes -?-  
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PROTEIN   What is the outside of a virus made of?  
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HYBRIDS   If the male P-generation and the female P-generations were different, then the offspring would be -?-  
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ARTIFICIAL   Darwin noticed that people have been changing species for hundreds of years using -?- selection.  
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SEVEN   The time-line on pg 292 is misleading because 1960 to 1977 (17 years) is 3 cm , but 1951 to 1953 (2 years) is about -?- cm.  
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TEMPORAL   -?- isolation keeps plants that bloom in the spring from mating with plants that bloom in the fall.  
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RNA   What solves the problem of having the instructions for proteins being in one spot, and the construction site in another.  
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HGP   What government sponsored project was completed in the year 2000. (acronym)  
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HISTONES   What are the protein molecules called that help DNA bundle in Eukaryotic cells?  
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INCOMPLETE   The fossil record provides an -?- history of life on Earth.  
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TRUTH   The bacteria became radioactive after the virus with tracers on its DNA infected it. truth or false  
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TRACERS   What are the radioactive atoms called that scientists can detect with instruments.  
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CHROMOSOMES   True independent assortment rarely happens because the genes for traits are bundle together on -?-  
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DNA POLYMERASE   What enzyme reads/copies the DNA molecule during replication.  
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DNA   Lamarck did not realize that the only thing a parent passes on to its offspring is -?-  
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PKU   What is a recessive autosomal disease that all babies are checked for immediately after birth?  
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FAR APART   If the recombination frequency is high then the genes must be -?- on the chromosome.  
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CLOSE TOGETHER   If the recombination frequency is low (don't recombine much) then the genes must be -?- on the chromosome.  
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SALT   A "spiky" looking red blood cell was probably placed in -?- water. salt or pure  
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EXTERNAL   Echinoderms use -?- reproduction, and the parents never meet each other.  
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ENDOSYMBIOTIC   The -?- theory says that the organelles of the first eukaryotic cells were actually bacteria living symbiotically within other bacteria.  
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BASES   In translation a sequence of -?- becomes a sequence of amino acids.  
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RNABASES   Transcription changes a sequence of DNA bases into a sequence of -?-.  
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CONVERGENT   Different species in similar environments will likely undergo -?- evolution.  
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PHOSPHATE   What molecular group sits between the sugars in a DNA molecule?  
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MUTATIONS   -?- are a source of variation in an asexually reproducing population.  
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REPRODUCTIVELY   In order for speciation to occur, a population must be split into two -?- isolated groups.  
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ANCESTOR   Proving that different species have a common -?- proves evolution.  
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FANGS   The chelicerae of spiders are basically -?-  
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EMBRYOS   Where do human stems cells come from? TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY  
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MRNA   What nucleic acid tells the ribosome which amino acid comes next?  
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METEORITE   The evidence suggest that it was a -?- that caused the mass extinctions.  
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PALEONTOLOGISTS   -?- are scientists that collect and study fossils.  
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SPREAD DISEASE   The insects that cause the most harm to humans are the ones that -?-  
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FLEX   Bugs have muscles that extend and -?- joints.  
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SMOOTH   In Griffith's experiments the colonies of killer bacteria looked -?-  
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CHARGAFF   Who discovered that the amount of C and G are always the same in samples of DNA?  
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UNBRANCHED   The appendages of the uniramians are -?-.  
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PERIODS   The Eras of the Geologic time scale are divided up into -?-  
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GRAY   What color would the feathers be of a heterozygous bird be if they carry a black gene that has incomplete dominance over the white gene it carries?  
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VESTIGIAL   Evolution can explain the presence of -?- organs such as the human appendix and wisdom teeth.  
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ENVIRONMENTAL   Many traits are the results of an interaction between genetic factors and -?- factors.  
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GALAPAGOS   Darwin noticed that the climate of the different -?- islands varied along with the species that lived on them.  
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CENTROMERE   The thing in the middle of a chromosome that holds the chromatids together is called a -?-  
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DNA   What was transforming the nice bacteria into killer in Griffith's experiments?  
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NICE   In Griffith's experiments the bacteria that formed into rough colonies were the -?- bacteria.  
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BELL   The graph of the phenotypes of a polygenic trait will usually be a -?- shaped curve.  
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LAVA   A one point the entire Earth was one big ball of -?-  
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ANALOGOUS   -?- structures look the same but evolved from different organs.  
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SPERM   The gender of the offspring is determined by which sex chromosome the -?- was carrying.  
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AGE OF THE WIFE   The odds of having a Down syndrome child goes up as the -?- of a man goes up.  
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GELELECTROPHORESIS   -?- is used to make DNA fingerprints and to separate DNA pieces based on their sizes.  
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RANDOM   If evolution is to be stopped then the matings must be -?-  
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SMALL   It is impossible to stop a very -?- population from evolving.  
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MARKERS   It is important to place -?- on the DNA of transformed organism so that we can tell them apart from the natural species.  
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THERAPY   Gene -?- attempts to cure genetic disorders by inserting good DNA into cells of the patient.  
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ONE HUNDRED   If big toes is dominant, and little toes is recessive, what is the probability of getting a heterozygous kid when a homozygous big toed person is crossed with a homozygous little toed person?  
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RNA POLYMERASE   What enzyme transcribes DNA into RNA.  
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GENETIC   DNA stores and transmits -?- information.  
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INDIVIDUALS   There are always twice as many alleles as there are -?- in the population.  
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ALLELES   All organisms have two -?- for any given gene.  
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AUTOSOMES   A karyotype shows two sex chromosomes and 44 -?-  
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HOMOZYGOUS   A genotype with two identical alleles is said to be -?-  
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HETEROZYGOUS   A genotype with two different alleles (such as in most hybrids) is said to be -?-  
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O NEGATIVE   What blood type can give to all other types?  
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TRANSFORMATION   Bacteria cells suck up DNA from their surroundings in a process know as -?-  
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CHEMICALS   The Miller and Urey experiments showed how some organic -?- could be made by natural processes.  
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TUBEFEET   Star fish respirate, urinate, and locomate with their -?-.  
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PEDIGREE CHARTS   Today the use of DNA analysis has largely replaced the use of -?- to determine an individuals genotype.  
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TERRESTRIAL   -?- arthropods must use a form of internal fertilization, or else the gametes would dehydrate and die.  
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MISSING LINKS   -?- are used by creationists as proof that the fossil record does not show evolution.  
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PROBABILITY   Punnett squares are used to predict the -?- of genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring of a cross.  
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WAX   Humans get such useful items as silk, -?- and honey from insects.  
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CARNIVORES   Spiders are -?-, using their silk to make webs and catch prey.  
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RECESSIVE   -?- genes will usually not affect the phenotype unless they are present in a double dose in the individual.  
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SEXLINKED   -?- genes are usually on the X chromosome, and cause disorders that are expressed much more often in males.  
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ANSWER   Darwin came up with the theory of evolution as an -?- to the many questions raised by his observations.  
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GLUTAMINE   What amino acid would be coded for by CAG on the RNA molecule?  
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PROLINE   What amino acid would GGG on the DNA eventually result in after transcription and translation?  
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HISTIDINE   What amino acid would GTA on the DNA eventually result in after transcription and translation?  
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PHENYLALANINE   What amino acid would AAA on the DNA eventually result in after transcription and translation?  
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HUTTON   What geologist who wrote a book in 1795 about how geological forces have shaped the Earth?  
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FRANKLIN   Who took the x-ray photos of DNA that helped Watson and Crick figure out the structure of DNA?  
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KARYOTYPE   A picture of your chromosomes during mitosis.  
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