Professor Lucas' Cumulative Final - David Myers Psychology 9th Edition
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| show | Behaviorism
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| Type of psych that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. | show 🗑
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| show | Cognitive Neuroscience
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| Cognitive Neuroscience includes these 4 things: P, T, M, & L. | show 🗑
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| show | Psychology
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| show | Nature Nurture Issue: genes;behaviors
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| show | Levels of Analysis
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| What are the 3 levels of analysis? | show 🗑
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| Integrated perspective incorporating biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. | show 🗑
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| show | Basic Research
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| Scientific study aiming to solve practical problems. | show 🗑
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| show | Clinical Psychology
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| show | Psychiatry
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| Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen. "I knew it all along" phenomenon. | show 🗑
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| Thinking that doesn't blindly accept arguments and conclusions. (Examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, assess conclusions) | show 🗑
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| Explanation using integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. | show 🗑
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| show | Hypothesis
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| Statement of procedures used to define research variables. | show 🗑
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| The fact that human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures is an example of?: | show 🗑
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| Repeating a research study w/ different participants in different situations to see if the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. | show 🗑
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| All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. | show 🗑
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| Sample fairly representing a population b/c each member has an equal chance of inclusion. | show 🗑
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| Observing behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate/control the situation. | show 🗑
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| Measure of the extent two factors vary together, and thus how well each factor predicts the other. | show 🗑
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| show | Illusory Coefficient
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| show | Experiment
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| show | Placebo Effect
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| show | Experimental Group
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| show | Control group
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| show | Independent Variable
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| Outcome factor; variable that changes in response to manipulations. | show 🗑
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| Most frequently occurring score in a distribution. | show 🗑
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| Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. | show 🗑
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| show | Normal Curve
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| Enduring behaviors/ideas/attitudes/traditions shared by a large group of people generation to generation. | show 🗑
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| show | Biological Psych
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| show | Neuron
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| show | Sensory Neurons
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| show | Motor Neurons
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| ______ are within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs. | show 🗑
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| show | Dendrite
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| Extension of neuron ending in branching terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons/muscles/glands. | show 🗑
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| Layer of fatty tissue around many neurons, enabling vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses, as impulse goes from node to node. | show 🗑
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| Neural impulse; brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. | show 🗑
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| Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. | show 🗑
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| show | Synapse
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| Chemical messengers that travel synaptic gap between neurons. Determine whether a neuron will generate a neural impulse. | show 🗑
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| show | Re-uptake
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| show | brain and spinal cord.
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| Sensory and motor neurons connecting CNS to the rest of the body. | show 🗑
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| Bundled axons connecting CNS w/ muscles/glands/sense organs. | show 🗑
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| Division of peripheral nervous system controlling body's skeletal muscles. | show 🗑
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| Division of peripheral nervous system controlling glands & muscles of internal organs. Sympathetic division; arouses, Parasympathetic division; calms. | show 🗑
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| show | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| Calms | show 🗑
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| Body's chemical comm system; set of glands secrete hormones into bloodstream. | show 🗑
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| show | Adrenal Glands
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| Regulates growth & controls endocrine glands. Influenced by hypothalamus. Most influential gland in endocrine system. | show 🗑
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| show | Brainstem
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| show | Medulla
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| Nerve network in brainstem - controls arousal. | show 🗑
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| On top of brainstem - directs messages of sensory receiving areas in cortext & transmits replies to cerebellum & medulla. | show 🗑
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| show | Cerebellum
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| Neural system between cerebral hemispheres - emotions and drives. | show 🗑
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| show | Amygdala
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| show | Hypothalamus
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| show | Frontal Lobes
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| Receives sensory input for touch + body position - top of the head towards rear. | show 🗑
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| show | Occipital Lobes
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| Includes auditory areas - above ears. | show 🗑
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| show | Motor Cortex
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| show | Sensory Cortex
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| Involved in higher mental functions (learning/remembering/speaking/thinking), not primary motor sensory functions. | show 🗑
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| Band of neural fibers connecting 2 brain hemis - carries messages between them. | show 🗑
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| Awareness of ourselves and our environment. | show 🗑
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| Interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition. | show 🗑
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| Failure to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere. | show 🗑
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| Study of relative power + limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. | show 🗑
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| All nongenetic influences. | show 🗑
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| Made of DNA and containing genes. | show 🗑
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| show | Genes
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| Instructions for making an organism - including all genetic material in that organism's chromosomes. | show 🗑
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| Study of evolution of behavior and the mind. | show 🗑
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| Prescribe proper behavior - understood rule for accepted/expected behavior. | show 🗑
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| show | Individualism
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| Priority to goals of one's group. | show 🗑
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| Promotes growth of male sex organs. | show 🗑
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| Expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position should behave. | show 🗑
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| show | Gender Typing
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| show | Social Learning Theory
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| Fertilized egg (_____), develops into an _____. | show 🗑
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| show | Habituation
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| Mental activities associated with thinking/knowing/remembering/communicating. | show 🗑
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| show | Assimilation
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| Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new info. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensorimotor Stage
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| Awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived. | show 🗑
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| show | Preoperational Stage
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| Preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view. | show 🗑
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| People's ideas about their own + others' mental states - about their feelings/perceptions/thoughts - and the behaviors these might predict. | show 🗑
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| Stage when children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. (7-11yrs) | show 🗑
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| Stage when people begin thinking logically about abstract concepts. (12+yrs) | show 🗑
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| show | Critical Period
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| Sense that the world is predictable + trustworthy. (Erikson) | show 🗑
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| Non-reproductive sexual characteristics (female breasts/hips, male voice) | show 🗑
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| show | Identity
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| Research where same people are restudied/tested over a long period of time | show 🗑
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| show | Crystallized Intelligence
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| Ability to reason speedily + abstractly; decreases w/ age. | show 🗑
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| show | Perception
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| show | Bottom-Up Processing
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| show | Top-Down Processing
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| Often unconscious activation of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perceptions/memory/response. | show 🗑
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| Principle that to be perceived different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (Difference Threshold). | show 🗑
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| show | Sensory Adaptation
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| show | Pupil
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| Controls the size of the pupil opening. | show 🗑
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| Changes shape to focus images on the retina. | show 🗑
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| show | Retina
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| Retinal receptors detecting black/grey/white, necessary for peripheral + twilight vision. | show 🗑
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| show | Cones
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| show | Optic Nerve
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| show | Blind Spot
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| show | Fovea
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| Theory that opposing retinal processes (red-green, yel-blue, white-black) enable color vision. | show 🗑
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| Tube in inner ear where sound waves trigger nerve impulses. | show 🗑
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| Hearing theory that links pitch we here with the place where cochlea's membrane is stimulated. | show 🗑
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| Hearing theory where rate of impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches frequency of tone, enables sense of pitch. | show 🗑
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| Sense of body movement + position (balance) | show 🗑
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| illusion of movement created when 2+ adjacent lights blink on/off quickly. | show 🗑
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| Branch of psych exploring how people interact with machines. | show 🗑
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| Relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. | show 🗑
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| show | Classical Conditioning
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| Learning certain events occur together. | show 🗑
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| show | Unconditioned Response (UR):Salivating when food is in mouth.
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| show | Unconditioned Stimulus
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| show | Conditioned Response (CR)
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| Originally irrelevant stimulus, after association w/ an (US) triggers (CR). | show 🗑
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| In operant conditioning, strengthening of a reinforced response. Also Initial stage in classical conditioning. | show 🗑
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| show | Generalization
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| show | Operant Conditioning
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| show | Operant Behavior
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| show | Law of Effect
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| Innately reinforcing stimuli, exp. one that satisfies a biological need. | show 🗑
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| show | Fixed-Ratio Schedule
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| show | Variable-Ratio Schedule
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| show | Fixed-Interval Schedule
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| show | Variable-Interval Schedule
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| Learning that occurs but not apparent until there's an incentive for it to be demonstrated. | show 🗑
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| Desire to perform behavior effectively for own sake. | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic Motivation
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| Observing + imitating specific behavior. | show 🗑
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| show | Spacing Effect
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| show | Implicit Memory
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| show | Explicit Memory
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| Neural center in limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Recall 2) Recognition
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| show | Mood Congruent Memory
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| Disruption of PRIOR learning on recall of NEW info. | show 🗑
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| show | Retroactive Interference
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| A mental image/best example of a category. | show 🗑
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| Simple thinking strategy often allowing judgements that solve problems efficiently. | show 🗑
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| show | Fixation
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| show | Phoneme
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| Smallest unit carrying meaning in language. (Exp. Prefix) | show 🗑
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| show | Semantics
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| Rules enabling us to communicate w/ and understand others. | show 🗑
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| Rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences in a lang. | show 🗑
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| show | Aphasia
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| show | Broca's Area
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| Controls language reception. (Language comprehension + expression, left temporal lobe) | show 🗑
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| show | Intelligence
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| extent a test measures/predicts what it's supposed to. | show 🗑
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| Extent a test samples behavior the behavior of interest. | show 🗑
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| Success a test has in predicting the behavior it's designed to predict. | show 🗑
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| Predictive Validity is assessed by: | show 🗑
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| show | Emotion
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| Theory that experience of emotion = our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli. | show 🗑
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| Theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers phys. responses + subjective experience of emotion. | show 🗑
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| show | 2-Factor Theory
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| show | Catharsis
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| show | Relieves aggressive urges.
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| show | Subjective Well-Being
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| Tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by prior experiences. | show 🗑
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| show | Relative Deprivation
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| Process we perceive & respond to stressors we appraise threatening/challenging. | show 🗑
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| General Adaptation Syndrome(GAS): concept of body's adaptive response to stress in 3 phases: A, R, E | show 🗑
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| show | Coping
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| Indv's characteristic pattern of thinking/feeling/acting. | show 🗑
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| Id, Ego, or Superego operates as the conscience? | show 🗑
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| Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital =? | show 🗑
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| When id's pleasure-seeking Es focus on distinct erogenous zones. | show 🗑
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| show | Identification
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| show | Collective Unconscious
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| Motivation to fulfill potential. | show 🗑
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| Attitude of total acceptance toward another person. (Rogers) | show 🗑
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| Characteristic pattern of behavior/disposition to act as assessed by self-report inventories + peer reports. | show 🗑
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