Professor Lucas' Cumulative Final - David Myers Psychology 9th Edition
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| show | Behaviorism
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| Type of psych that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. | show 🗑
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| Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition. | show 🗑
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| show | Perception, thinking, memory, language.
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| Science of mental processes and behavior. | show 🗑
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| show | Nature Nurture Issue: genes;behaviors
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| Differing complementary views for analyzing any given phenomenon. | show 🗑
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| show | Biological, psychological, social-cultural.
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| Integrated perspective incorporating biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. | show 🗑
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| Pure science that aims to increase scientific knowledge base. | show 🗑
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| show | Applied Research
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| _____ psychology studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders. | show 🗑
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| show | Psychiatry
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| Tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen. "I knew it all along" phenomenon. | show 🗑
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| show | Critical Thinking
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| show | Theory
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| show | Hypothesis
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| show | Operational Definition
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| show | Operational Definition
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| show | Replication
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| All the cases in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. | show 🗑
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| Sample fairly representing a population b/c each member has an equal chance of inclusion. | show 🗑
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| Observing behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate/control the situation. | show 🗑
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| show | Correlation
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| Perception of a relationship where none exists. | show 🗑
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| Research method where an investigator manipulates factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process. | show 🗑
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| show | Placebo Effect
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| show | Experimental Group
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| show | Control group
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| show | Independent Variable
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| show | Dependent Variable
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| show | Mode
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| Computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score. | show 🗑
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| show | Normal Curve
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| show | Culture
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| Branch of psych concerned w/ links between biology & behavior. | show 🗑
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| show | Neuron
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| _____ ______ carry incoming info from sensory receptors to brain & spinal cord. | show 🗑
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| show | Motor Neurons
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| ______ are within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs. | show 🗑
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| show | Dendrite
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| Extension of neuron ending in branching terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons/muscles/glands. | show 🗑
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| show | Myelin Sheath
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| show | Action Potential
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| show | Threshold
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| show | Synapse
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| show | Neurotransmitters
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| Neurotransmitter's reabsorption by the sending neuron. | show 🗑
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| show | brain and spinal cord.
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| Sensory and motor neurons connecting CNS to the rest of the body. | show 🗑
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| show | Nerves
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| Division of peripheral nervous system controlling body's skeletal muscles. | show 🗑
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| Division of peripheral nervous system controlling glands & muscles of internal organs. Sympathetic division; arouses, Parasympathetic division; calms. | show 🗑
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| show | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| Calms | show 🗑
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| Body's chemical comm system; set of glands secrete hormones into bloodstream. | show 🗑
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| show | Adrenal Glands
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| Regulates growth & controls endocrine glands. Influenced by hypothalamus. Most influential gland in endocrine system. | show 🗑
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| Oldest part/central core of brain, responsible for automatic survival functions. | show 🗑
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| Controls heartbeat + breathing; at base of brainstem. | show 🗑
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| Nerve network in brainstem - controls arousal. | show 🗑
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| On top of brainstem - directs messages of sensory receiving areas in cortext & transmits replies to cerebellum & medulla. | show 🗑
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| "Little brain" at rear of brainstem - processes sensory input + coordinating movement output/balance. | show 🗑
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| show | Limbic System
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| show | Amygdala
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| show | Hypothalamus
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| show | Cerebral Cortex
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| Involved with speaking, muscle movement, making plans/judgements - just behind forehead. | show 🗑
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| Receives sensory input for touch + body position - top of the head towards rear. | show 🗑
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| Receive info from visual fields - back of the head. | show 🗑
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| Includes auditory areas - above ears. | show 🗑
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| show | Motor Cortex
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| Registers and processes body touch and movement sensations - at front of parietal lobes. | show 🗑
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| show | Association Areas
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| show | Corpus Callosum
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| Awareness of ourselves and our environment. | show 🗑
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| Interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition. | show 🗑
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| Failure to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere. | show 🗑
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| Study of relative power + limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior. | show 🗑
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| All nongenetic influences. | show 🗑
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| Made of DNA and containing genes. | show 🗑
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| show | Genes
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| show | Genome
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| Study of evolution of behavior and the mind. | show 🗑
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| show | Norm
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| giving priorities to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes, not group identifications. | show 🗑
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| show | Collectivism
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| Promotes growth of male sex organs. | show 🗑
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| show | Role
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| Acquisition of a traditional masculine/feminine role. | show 🗑
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| We learn social behavior by observing + imitating and by being rewarded/punished. | show 🗑
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| Fertilized egg (_____), develops into an _____. | show 🗑
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| Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. | show 🗑
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| Mental activities associated with thinking/knowing/remembering/communicating. | show 🗑
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| Interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. | show 🗑
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| Adapting one's current understandings to incorporate new info. | show 🗑
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| show | Sensorimotor Stage
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| show | Object Permanence
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| show | Preoperational Stage
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| Preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view. | show 🗑
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| People's ideas about their own + others' mental states - about their feelings/perceptions/thoughts - and the behaviors these might predict. | show 🗑
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| Stage when children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events. (7-11yrs) | show 🗑
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| show | Formal Operational Stage
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| Optimal period shortly after birth when organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. | show 🗑
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| Sense that the world is predictable + trustworthy. (Erikson) | show 🗑
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| Non-reproductive sexual characteristics (female breasts/hips, male voice) | show 🗑
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| One's sense of self. | show 🗑
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| Research where same people are restudied/tested over a long period of time | show 🗑
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| show | Crystallized Intelligence
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| show | Fluid Intelligence
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| Process of organizing + interpreting sensory info, enabling us to recognize meaningful objs/events. | show 🗑
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| show | Bottom-Up Processing
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| Info processing guided by higher level mental processes. | show 🗑
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| Often unconscious activation of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perceptions/memory/response. | show 🗑
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| show | Weber's LAw
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| show | Sensory Adaptation
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| Light enters through this adjustable opening in the eye. | show 🗑
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| Controls the size of the pupil opening. | show 🗑
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| show | Lens
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| Light-sensitive inner eye surface (receptor rods + cones + neuron layers that begin processing visual info). | show 🗑
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| show | Rods
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| Retinal receptors, center of retina, function in well-lit-conditions, detect fine detail + give rise to color sensations. | show 🗑
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| show | Optic Nerve
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| show | Blind Spot
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| show | Fovea
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| show | Opponent-Process Theory
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| Tube in inner ear where sound waves trigger nerve impulses. | show 🗑
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| show | Place Theory
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| show | Frequency Theory
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| show | Vestibular Sense
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| show | Phi Phenomenon
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| show | Human Factor Psych
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| Relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. | show 🗑
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| Learning type when one learns to link 2+ stimuli and anticipate events. | show 🗑
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| Learning certain events occur together. | show 🗑
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| Naturally occurring response to unconditioned stimulus (US). | show 🗑
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| show | Unconditioned Stimulus
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| Learned response to previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS). | show 🗑
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| show | Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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| show | Acquisition
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| Tendency for a conditioned response to be triggered by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus. | show 🗑
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| Learning type in which behavior = strengthened if followed with a reinforcer/diminished if followed by punisher. | show 🗑
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| show | Operant Behavior
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| Thorndike's principle for behaviors followed by favorable consequences to become more likely, & vice-verse. | show 🗑
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| show | Primary Reinforcer
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| Reinforces response after a specified number of responses. | show 🗑
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| show | Variable-Ratio Schedule
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| Reinforces response after specified amount of time. | show 🗑
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| Reinforces response at unpredictable time intervals. | show 🗑
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| show | Latent Learning
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| Desire to perform behavior effectively for own sake. | show 🗑
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| show | Extrinsic Motivation
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| Observing + imitating specific behavior. | show 🗑
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| Tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice. | show 🗑
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| show | Implicit Memory
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| Memory of facts/experiences that one consciously knows. | show 🗑
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| Neural center in limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. | show 🗑
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| show | 1) Recall 2) Recognition
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| show | Mood Congruent Memory
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| show | Proactive Interference
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| Disruption of NEW learning on recall of OLD info. | show 🗑
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| show | Prototype
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| Simple thinking strategy often allowing judgements that solve problems efficiently. | show 🗑
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| show | Fixation
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| Smallest distinctive sound unit in language. | show 🗑
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| Smallest unit carrying meaning in language. (Exp. Prefix) | show 🗑
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| show | Semantics
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| Rules enabling us to communicate w/ and understand others. | show 🗑
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| Rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences in a lang. | show 🗑
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| Impairment of language. (Damage to: Broca's area (impairing speaking) or Wenicke's area (impairing understanding) | show 🗑
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| show | Broca's Area
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| Controls language reception. (Language comprehension + expression, left temporal lobe) | show 🗑
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| show | Intelligence
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| extent a test measures/predicts what it's supposed to. | show 🗑
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| Extent a test samples behavior the behavior of interest. | show 🗑
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| Success a test has in predicting the behavior it's designed to predict. | show 🗑
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| Predictive Validity is assessed by: | show 🗑
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| Response of whole organism involving physiological arousal/expressive behaviors/conscious experience. | show 🗑
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| show | James-Lange Theory
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| Theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers phys. responses + subjective experience of emotion. | show 🗑
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| show | 2-Factor Theory
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| show | Catharsis
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| Catharsis hypothesis: Releasing aggressive E does what? | show 🗑
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| show | Subjective Well-Being
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| show | Adaptation-Level Phenomenon
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| show | Relative Deprivation
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| show | Stress
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| General Adaptation Syndrome(GAS): concept of body's adaptive response to stress in 3 phases: A, R, E | show 🗑
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| Alleviating stress w/ emotional/cognitive/or behavioral methods. | show 🗑
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| show | Personality
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| show | Superego
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| Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital =? | show 🗑
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| show | Psychosexual Stages
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| process children incorporate parents' values into their developing superegos. | show 🗑
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| Jung -> concept: shared inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history. | show 🗑
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| Motivation to fulfill potential. | show 🗑
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| show | Unconditional Positive Regard
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| show | Trait
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| show |
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