Membranes and Skin
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Membranes: Functions (3) | Cover body surfaces, Line body cavities, Form protective sheets around organs.
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| Cutaneous (skin): Cell Type | Stratified squamous.
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| Cutaneous: Common Locations | Skin/outermost.
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| Cutaneous: Functions | Protection.
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| Mucous: Cell Type | Stratified squamous, Simple columnar.
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| Mucous: Common Locations | Mouth, esophagus, rest of digestive tract.
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| Mucous: Functions | Lines body cavities, absorption, secretion.
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| Serous: Cell Type | Simple squamous.
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| Serous: Common Locations | Wall of ventral cavity, outside of organs, around lungs and heart.
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| Serous: Functions | Lines body cavities closed to exterior of body.
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| Synovial: Cell Type | Areolar.
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| Synovial: Common Locations | Capsules of joints, organs (bones).
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| Synovial: Functions | Secrete lubrication, cushion.
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| Integumentary System: Composed Of (5) | Skin, sweat glands, Oil glands, Hair, Nails.
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| Integumentary System: Functions (8) | Cover, Protect - Thermal, UV, bacteria and chemical, insulates, Cushions, Aids in excretion "sweat", Synthesizes Vitamin D, Contains sensory receptors, Repairs itself.
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| Epidermis: Composed Of | Stratified squamous epithelium.
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| Five Layers Called Strata | Statum basale (stratum germinativum), Stratum spinosum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum.
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| Stratum Basale | Deepest layer of epidermis, Lies next to dermis, Cells undergoing mitosis. Daughter cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers.
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| Stratum Lucidum | Formed from dead cells of the deeper strata, Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet.
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| Stratum Corneum | Outermost layer of epidermis, Single-like dead cells are filled with keratin, Rubs off as "dandruff".
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| Keratin | Protective protein prevents water loss from skin.
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| Epidermis: Characteristics | It has no blood supply of its own. Most cells of epidermis are keratin.
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| Melanocytes | Produce melanin, ranging form yellow to black.
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| Freckles and Moles | When melanin is all in one spot.
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| Tanning | Melanocytes form a pigment umbrella shielding DNA from UV rays.
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| Herpes Simplex | Cods sores caused by a virus that erupts after sunbathing.
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| Cancer | Caused when DNA is altered by UV rays.
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| Dermis: Composed of | Dense connective tissue.
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| Papillary: Contains | Dermal papillae, pain receptors, touch receptors, fingerprints.
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| Dermal Papillae | Indent the epidermal layers and gives nutrients to epidermis.
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| Meissner's Corpuscles | Touch receptors.
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| Reticular | Deepest skin layer.
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| Reticular: Contains | Blood vessels, sweat and oil gland, Pacinian corpuscles, collagen and elastic fibres.
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| Blood Vessels | Maintain body temperature: Hot = lots of blood, cold = blood goes to core.
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| Pacinian Corpuscles | Pressure receptors.
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| Collagen Fibres | Give skin toughness.
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| Elastic Fibres | Give skin elasticity.
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| Hypodermis: Composed of | Fat (adipose tissue).
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| Hypodermis: Function | Shock absorption, insulation.
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| Melanin | Amount and kind determines skin colour.
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| Carotene | Found in carrots and leafy green veggies.
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| Hemoglobin | Amount of oxygen content determines red colour.
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| Cyanosis | Blue colouring due to lack of oxygen.
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| Pallor/Blanching | Pale skin.
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| Redness | "Blushing", fever, allergy, inflammation.
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| Jaundice | Yellowing of skin form liver disorder.
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| Bruises | Blood clotting in masses called hematomas.
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| Exocrine Glands | Release secretions to the surface.
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| Sebaceous Glands | Oil glands.
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| Sebaceous Glands: Found | All over body except palms and soles.
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| Sebaceous Glands: Produce | Sebum.
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| Sebum | Mixture of oil and skin fragments. Keeps skin soft and kills bacteria.
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| Acne | Infection of sebaceous gland.
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| Blackhead | Sebum oxidizes and dries.
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| Whitehead | Gland is blocked by sebum.
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| Seborrhea | Infant "acne" - pink raised lesions on scalp that eventually fall off as oily scales.
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| Sudoriferous Glands | Sweat glands.
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| Eccrine | Found all over body. Produce sweat and regulate body temperature.
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| Sweat: Composed of | Water, salt, vitamin C, metabolic wastes, lactic acid.
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| Apocrine | Found largely in armpit and genital areas.
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Created by:
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