8th Grade Science Fcat Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| abiotic factor | any non living part of the environment, water, sunlight etc.
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| abrasion | a form of erosion that occurs when wind blows sediment into rocks, makes pits in rock and produces smooth, polished surfaces
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| absolute magnitude | measure of the amount of light the star actually gives off
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| abyssal plain | flat sea floor area form 4,000 t0 6,000 m below the ocean surface
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| acceleration | equals the change in velocity divided by the time. An object speeds up, slows down or changes direction
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| acid rain | damaging rain or snow formed when gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air
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| actinides | the second series of inner transition element which goes from thorium to lawrencium
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| air resistance | a contact force that acts to slow objects that are moving in the air
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| alkali metal | element in group 1 of the periodic table
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| allele | an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait, can be dominant or recessive
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| amniotic sac | thin, liquid-filled, protective membrane that forms around the embryo
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| alkaline earth metal | group 2 in the periodic table
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| apparent magnitude | measure of the amount of light from a star received in earth
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| archimedes principle | states that the buoyant fore on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid placed on the object
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| asexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism
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| average speed | total distance over the time taken to travel the distance
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| balanced forces | two or more forces that cancel when they combine and make the net force equal to zero
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| benthos | marine plants and animals that live on or in the ocean floor
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| biosphere | part of earth that supports life
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| biotic factor | any living or once living organism in the environment
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| black hole | final stage in the evolution of a very massive star, where he core's mass collapses o a point that it's gravity is so strong that not even light can escape
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| buoyant force | upward force exerted on and object immersed in a fluid
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| carrier wave | radio waves broadcast by a radio or TV station at an assigned frequency that contains info. used to produce pictures and sound
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| catalyst | substance that can make something happen faster without changing itself
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| chemical bond | force that holds two atoms together
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| chemical weathering | process in which he chemical composition of a rock is changed by agents such as natural acids and oxygen
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| chemosynthesis | food making process using sulfur or nitrogen compound, rather than light energy from the sun, that is used by bacteria near hydro thermal vents
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| chromosome | structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material
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| comet | space object made of dust and rock particles mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia that form a bright coma as it approaches the sun
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| conductor | material that transfers heat easily
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| constellation | pattern of stars that is named as a group and forms and image or shape
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| continental shelf | gradually sloping end of a continent that exists beneath the ocean
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| continental slope | ocean basin feature that dips steeply down from he continental shelf
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| corona | outer most layer of the sun's atmosphere
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| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
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| creep | process by which sediments move slowly downhill
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| deflation | erosion of land that occurs when wind blows across loose sediment and carries hem away, often leaving behind particles too heavy to move
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| density | mass of an object divided by volume
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| diploid | cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material of all organisms
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| dominant | describes a trait that dominates another form of that trait
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| ecology | study of all the interaction among organisms and their environment
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| egg | haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs
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| electro magnetic radiation | energy transferred from place to place by electromagnetic waves
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| electron dot diagram | chemical symbol for and element, surrounded bay as many dot as there are electrons in the outer energy levels
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| entropy | the measure of the disorder in a system
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| erosion | the wearing away and removal of rock material that occurs by agents such as gravity, ice, wind and water
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| estuary | are where a river meet the ocean
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| evolution | change in inherited characteristics over time
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| fault | large fracture in a rock along which movement occurs
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| fertilization | joining of sperm and egg
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| fetal stress | can occur durn the birth process or just after birth as and infant adjusts form watery dark constant temp. to a new environment
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| fetus | a developing baby after the first two months of pregnancy until birth
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| folded mountain | mountain that forms by folding rock layer caused by compressive forces
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| force | push or pull that one object exerts on another
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| frond | leaf of a fern that grows from he rhizome
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| gametophyte | plant life cycle stage that begins when cells in reproductive organisms undergo meiosis and produce haploid cells
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| gamma ray | highest frequencies shortest wave lengths
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| gene | section o DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins
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| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles
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| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism
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| germination | a series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed
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| giant | late stage of life of a comparatively low-mass main sequence star in which hydrogen in the core is deleted, the core contracts, and temperature inside the star increase, causing its outer layers to expand and cool
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| great red spot | giant, high pressure storm in jupiter's atmosphere
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| halogen | group 17 in the periodic table
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| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring
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| heterozygous | organism that has two different alleles for a trait
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| homologous | body part that are similar in structure and origin and can be similar in function
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| infer | draw conclusion based on info.
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| instantaneous speed | the speed f and object at one instant time
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| ion | and atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost and electron
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| ionic bond | attraction that hold oppositely charge ions close together
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| isostasy | principal statin that earth's lithosphere float on plastic-like upper part o the mantle called the asthenosphere
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| law of conservation of momentum | the total momentum of h e group remains constant unless and outside force acts on the group
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| mass movement | occurs when gravity alone causes a rock or sediment to move down slope
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| mechanical weathering | process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces without changing them chemically
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| metallic bond | bond formed when metal atoms share their pooled electrons
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| metalloid | element that shares some properties with both metal and non metals
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| meteor | meteoroid that burns up in earths atmosphere
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| meteorite | meteoroid that hits the surface of a moon or planet
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| mid-ocean ridge | area where new ocean floor is formed when lava erupts through the cracks in Earth's crust
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| molecule | neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons
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| momentum | a measure of how hard its to stop an object
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| net force | combination of all forces acting on an object
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| newton's first law of motion | it ht net force acting on an object is 0 the , an objet will remain at rest or stay in a straight line
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| newton's second law of motion | the acceleration of an object equals net force over mass
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| newton's third law | for every action there is a reaction
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| niche | role of an organism in the ecosystem
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| ore | mineral source that can be mined at profit
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| Pascal's Principle | when a force is applied to a confined fluid, and increase in pressure is transmitted to all parts of the fluid
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| period | horizontal row of elements
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| phenotype | outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of t genotype
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| physical science | study of matter
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| polar bond | bond resulting from unequal sharing of electrons
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| polygenic inheritance | when a group of gene pair acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height
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| punnett square | a tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring tha show the different ways alleles can combine
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| radiation | transfer of energy by electro magnetic waves
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| radio waves | lowest frequencies longest wave lengths
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| recessive | trait that is covered or dominated by another trait
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| rhizome | underground stem
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| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes
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| scientific law | a rule that describes a pattern in nature
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| scientific theory | a possible explanation for repeatedly observed patterns in nature supported by observation
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| slump | occurs when a mass of rock sediment moves down hill along a curved surface
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| speed | distance traveled over time
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| subduction | plate movement that occurs when one plate sinks beneath another plate
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| surface tension | uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid
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| thermal energy | kinetic plus potential
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| vaporization | liquid to gas
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| velocity | displacement over time
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| viscosity | liquids resistance to float
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| weathering | natural mechanic or chemical process that causes rock to change by breaking them down and causing theme to crumble
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| weight | size of gravitational force exerted on an object
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