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Fcat Science 8
8th Grade Science Fcat Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abiotic factor | any non living part of the environment, water, sunlight etc. |
| abrasion | a form of erosion that occurs when wind blows sediment into rocks, makes pits in rock and produces smooth, polished surfaces |
| absolute magnitude | measure of the amount of light the star actually gives off |
| abyssal plain | flat sea floor area form 4,000 t0 6,000 m below the ocean surface |
| acceleration | equals the change in velocity divided by the time. An object speeds up, slows down or changes direction |
| acid rain | damaging rain or snow formed when gases released by burning oil and coal mix with water in the air |
| actinides | the second series of inner transition element which goes from thorium to lawrencium |
| air resistance | a contact force that acts to slow objects that are moving in the air |
| alkali metal | element in group 1 of the periodic table |
| allele | an alternate form that a gene may have for a single trait, can be dominant or recessive |
| amniotic sac | thin, liquid-filled, protective membrane that forms around the embryo |
| alkaline earth metal | group 2 in the periodic table |
| apparent magnitude | measure of the amount of light from a star received in earth |
| archimedes principle | states that the buoyant fore on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid placed on the object |
| asexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one organism and has DNA identical to the parent organism |
| average speed | total distance over the time taken to travel the distance |
| balanced forces | two or more forces that cancel when they combine and make the net force equal to zero |
| benthos | marine plants and animals that live on or in the ocean floor |
| biosphere | part of earth that supports life |
| biotic factor | any living or once living organism in the environment |
| black hole | final stage in the evolution of a very massive star, where he core's mass collapses o a point that it's gravity is so strong that not even light can escape |
| buoyant force | upward force exerted on and object immersed in a fluid |
| carrier wave | radio waves broadcast by a radio or TV station at an assigned frequency that contains info. used to produce pictures and sound |
| catalyst | substance that can make something happen faster without changing itself |
| chemical bond | force that holds two atoms together |
| chemical weathering | process in which he chemical composition of a rock is changed by agents such as natural acids and oxygen |
| chemosynthesis | food making process using sulfur or nitrogen compound, rather than light energy from the sun, that is used by bacteria near hydro thermal vents |
| chromosome | structure in a cell's nucleus that contains hereditary material |
| comet | space object made of dust and rock particles mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia that form a bright coma as it approaches the sun |
| conductor | material that transfers heat easily |
| constellation | pattern of stars that is named as a group and forms and image or shape |
| continental shelf | gradually sloping end of a continent that exists beneath the ocean |
| continental slope | ocean basin feature that dips steeply down from he continental shelf |
| corona | outer most layer of the sun's atmosphere |
| covalent bond | chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| creep | process by which sediments move slowly downhill |
| deflation | erosion of land that occurs when wind blows across loose sediment and carries hem away, often leaving behind particles too heavy to move |
| density | mass of an object divided by volume |
| diploid | cell whose similar chromosomes occur in pairs |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material of all organisms |
| dominant | describes a trait that dominates another form of that trait |
| ecology | study of all the interaction among organisms and their environment |
| egg | haploid sex cell formed in the female reproductive organs |
| electro magnetic radiation | energy transferred from place to place by electromagnetic waves |
| electron dot diagram | chemical symbol for and element, surrounded bay as many dot as there are electrons in the outer energy levels |
| entropy | the measure of the disorder in a system |
| erosion | the wearing away and removal of rock material that occurs by agents such as gravity, ice, wind and water |
| estuary | are where a river meet the ocean |
| evolution | change in inherited characteristics over time |
| fault | large fracture in a rock along which movement occurs |
| fertilization | joining of sperm and egg |
| fetal stress | can occur durn the birth process or just after birth as and infant adjusts form watery dark constant temp. to a new environment |
| fetus | a developing baby after the first two months of pregnancy until birth |
| folded mountain | mountain that forms by folding rock layer caused by compressive forces |
| force | push or pull that one object exerts on another |
| frond | leaf of a fern that grows from he rhizome |
| gametophyte | plant life cycle stage that begins when cells in reproductive organisms undergo meiosis and produce haploid cells |
| gamma ray | highest frequencies shortest wave lengths |
| gene | section o DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins |
| genetics | the study of how traits are inherited through the actions of alleles |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| germination | a series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed |
| giant | late stage of life of a comparatively low-mass main sequence star in which hydrogen in the core is deleted, the core contracts, and temperature inside the star increase, causing its outer layers to expand and cool |
| great red spot | giant, high pressure storm in jupiter's atmosphere |
| halogen | group 17 in the periodic table |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| heterozygous | organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| homologous | body part that are similar in structure and origin and can be similar in function |
| infer | draw conclusion based on info. |
| instantaneous speed | the speed f and object at one instant time |
| ion | and atom that is no longer neutral because it has gained or lost and electron |
| ionic bond | attraction that hold oppositely charge ions close together |
| isostasy | principal statin that earth's lithosphere float on plastic-like upper part o the mantle called the asthenosphere |
| law of conservation of momentum | the total momentum of h e group remains constant unless and outside force acts on the group |
| mass movement | occurs when gravity alone causes a rock or sediment to move down slope |
| mechanical weathering | process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces without changing them chemically |
| metallic bond | bond formed when metal atoms share their pooled electrons |
| metalloid | element that shares some properties with both metal and non metals |
| meteor | meteoroid that burns up in earths atmosphere |
| meteorite | meteoroid that hits the surface of a moon or planet |
| mid-ocean ridge | area where new ocean floor is formed when lava erupts through the cracks in Earth's crust |
| molecule | neutral particle formed when atoms share electrons |
| momentum | a measure of how hard its to stop an object |
| net force | combination of all forces acting on an object |
| newton's first law of motion | it ht net force acting on an object is 0 the , an objet will remain at rest or stay in a straight line |
| newton's second law of motion | the acceleration of an object equals net force over mass |
| newton's third law | for every action there is a reaction |
| niche | role of an organism in the ecosystem |
| ore | mineral source that can be mined at profit |
| Pascal's Principle | when a force is applied to a confined fluid, and increase in pressure is transmitted to all parts of the fluid |
| period | horizontal row of elements |
| phenotype | outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of t genotype |
| physical science | study of matter |
| polar bond | bond resulting from unequal sharing of electrons |
| polygenic inheritance | when a group of gene pair acts together and produces a specific trait, such as human eye color, skin color, or height |
| punnett square | a tool to predict the probability of certain traits in offspring tha show the different ways alleles can combine |
| radiation | transfer of energy by electro magnetic waves |
| radio waves | lowest frequencies longest wave lengths |
| recessive | trait that is covered or dominated by another trait |
| rhizome | underground stem |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a type of nucleic acid that carries codes for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| scientific law | a rule that describes a pattern in nature |
| scientific theory | a possible explanation for repeatedly observed patterns in nature supported by observation |
| slump | occurs when a mass of rock sediment moves down hill along a curved surface |
| speed | distance traveled over time |
| subduction | plate movement that occurs when one plate sinks beneath another plate |
| surface tension | uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid |
| thermal energy | kinetic plus potential |
| vaporization | liquid to gas |
| velocity | displacement over time |
| viscosity | liquids resistance to float |
| weathering | natural mechanic or chemical process that causes rock to change by breaking them down and causing theme to crumble |
| weight | size of gravitational force exerted on an object |
Created by:
didirodro
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