Nutrition - Exam 5 - Chapters 10 & 11
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| Rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used. | Bioavailability
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| Water-Soluble Vitamins are hydro______. | phillic
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| Fat-Soluble Vitamins are hydro______. | phobic
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| ______ is part of coenzyme TPP used in energy metabolism. | thiamin
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| ______ participates in the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. | thiamin
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| ______ is also known as B1 | thiamin
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| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a severe ______ deficiency in alcohol abusers. | thiamin
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| What vitamin deficiencies are related to alcohol abuse? | thiamin, B6, folate
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| Where are most fat soluble vitamins stored? | liver
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| What 3 vitamins are antioxidants? | C, beta-carotine, E
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| Vitamin ____ is important in blood clotting. | K
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| 50% of the ______ that you need is made in the intestine. | vitamin K
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| ______ is a thiamin deficiency disease that can be wet (with edema) or dry (with muscle wasting) | beriberi
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| What is the most significant food source of thiamin? | pork
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| What are the best cooking methods for food sources of thiamin? | steam, microwave
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| ______ is part of coenzymes FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) used in energy metabolism. | riboflavin
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| ______ carries hydrogens to the ETC. | riboflavin
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| _______ is a riboflavin deficiency disease whose symptoms consist of Inflamed eyelids and sensitivity to light, reddening of cornea. | ariboflavinosis
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| What are the best food sources of riboflavin? | milk products, liver
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| ______ is easily destroyed by ultraviolet light and irradiation but is stable to heat, and is not destroyed by cooking | riboflavin
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| Dietary tryptophan is the precursor to what vitamin? | niacin
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| ______ is a niacin deficiency disease whose symptoms consist of dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death | pellagra
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| Painful flush, hives, and rash as a result of niacin toxicity is known as _______. | niacin flush
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| A protein found in what food inhibits absorption of Biotin? | raw egg whites
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| Vitamin synthesized by intestinal bacteria? | biotin
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| Vitamin that is part of coenzyme A? | Pantothenic Acid
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| Vitamin thought to combat PMS? | B6
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| Vitamin that reduces the risk of neural tube defects? | folate
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| Most common neural tube defect? | spina bifida
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| Function shared by B12 and Folate? | cell synthesis
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| Vitamin that is bound to glutamic acid molecules in food? | folate
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| ______ folate is 1.7 times more available than ______. | synthetic, natural
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| The deficiency symptoms of _______ include: Anemia (large-cell type), Megaloblastic anemia; Smooth, red tongue; Mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache | folate
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| In order for absorption to occur ______ must bind with Intrinsic Factor in the small intestine. | vitamin b12
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| Inflammation of the stomach, common in older people. Production of HCL and intrinsic factor diminsh, thus decreasing the ability to absorb B12. | Atrophic Gastritis
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| Deficiency symptoms of ______ include: Anemia (large-cell type); Fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis | vitamin b12
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| Groups at risk for B12 deficiency? | elderly, vegetarians
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| B12 deficiency caused by atrophic gastritis and lack of intrinsic factor is ______. | pernicious anemia
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| Collagen synthesis, Antioxidant Thyroxin synthesis, Amino acid metabolism, Strengthens resistance to infection, Absorption of iron | Vitamin C
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| Deficiency symptoms include Anemia (small-cell type) Atherosclerotic plaques Pinpoint hemorrhages, bone fragility, joint pain Poor wound healing, frequent infections, bleeding gums, loosened teeth | Vitamin C
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| Foods rich in Vitamin C? | Citrus fruits, Cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables
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| ascorbic acid is also known as ______ | vitamin c
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| Vitamin A source derived from animals? | retinoids
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| Vitamin A source derived from plants? | carotenoids
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| ______ is a precursor to vitamin A. | beta-carotene
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| What retinoid helps maintain the cornea? | retinal
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| What retinoid helps with epithelial tissue? | retinoic acid
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| Special transport protein that picks up Vitamin A from the liver where it is stored and carries it to the bloodstream. | Retinol-binding protein
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| Vitamin A deficiency disease is ______. | hypovitaminosis A
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| ______ deficiency symptoms include: Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), Bitot’s spots | Vitamin A
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| Vitamin A definciency that consists of the plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming white lumps | hyperkaratosis, keratinization
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| ______, a drug for acne treatment, is made from Vitamin A but it is chemically different | Accutane
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| ______, a drug for acne treatment, is highly toxic especially for pregnant women | Accutane
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| Food sources of Vitamin A? | liver, orange vegetables
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| The precursor of Vitamin D is the body’s own ______. | Cholesterol
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| Organs that help synthesize Vitamin D? | skin
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| Vitamin D deficiency diseases include, ______, in children and ______, in adults | rickets, osteomalacia
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| Food sources of Vitamin D? | Fortified milk, margarine, butter, cereals, and chocolate mixes
Veal, beef, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish (herring, salmon, sardines) and their oils
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| ______ stop the chain reactions of free radicals from producing other free radicals. | antioxidants
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| ______ are molecules with one or more unpaired electrons, highly unstable, highly reactive. | free radicals
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| ______ can donate electrons to neutralize free radicals and prevent them from damaging tissues. | antioxidants
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| ______ protects PUFA and Vitamin A from oxidation | vitamin E
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| ______ protects LDL from oxidation and so reduces the risk of heart disease. | vitamin E
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| ______ deficiency from inadequate dietary intake is rare. Deficiency is usually associated with disease of fat malabsorption. | vitamin E
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| ______ deficiency causes red blood cells to break open and spill their contents (Erthrocyte Hemolysis which can lead to hemolytic anemia) | vitamin E
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| Food sources of vitamin E? | Polyunsaturated plant oils (margarine, salad dressings, shortenings)
Leafy green vegetables, wheat germ, whole grains, liver, egg yolks, nuts, seeds
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| Vitamin K activates ______ which is a precursor of thrombin. | prothrombin
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| Vitamins that are synthesized in the body? | D, K
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| Vitamin injected at birth in newborns? | K
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| Food sources of Vitamin K? | Liver
Leafy green vegetables, cabbage-type vegetables
Milk
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