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Nutrition - E5
Nutrition - Exam 5 - Chapters 10 & 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used. | Bioavailability |
| Water-Soluble Vitamins are hydro______. | phillic |
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins are hydro______. | phobic |
| ______ is part of coenzyme TPP used in energy metabolism. | thiamin |
| ______ participates in the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. | thiamin |
| ______ is also known as B1 | thiamin |
| Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a severe ______ deficiency in alcohol abusers. | thiamin |
| What vitamin deficiencies are related to alcohol abuse? | thiamin, B6, folate |
| Where are most fat soluble vitamins stored? | liver |
| What 3 vitamins are antioxidants? | C, beta-carotine, E |
| Vitamin ____ is important in blood clotting. | K |
| 50% of the ______ that you need is made in the intestine. | vitamin K |
| ______ is a thiamin deficiency disease that can be wet (with edema) or dry (with muscle wasting) | beriberi |
| What is the most significant food source of thiamin? | pork |
| What are the best cooking methods for food sources of thiamin? | steam, microwave |
| ______ is part of coenzymes FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) used in energy metabolism. | riboflavin |
| ______ carries hydrogens to the ETC. | riboflavin |
| _______ is a riboflavin deficiency disease whose symptoms consist of Inflamed eyelids and sensitivity to light, reddening of cornea. | ariboflavinosis |
| What are the best food sources of riboflavin? | milk products, liver |
| ______ is easily destroyed by ultraviolet light and irradiation but is stable to heat, and is not destroyed by cooking | riboflavin |
| Dietary tryptophan is the precursor to what vitamin? | niacin |
| ______ is a niacin deficiency disease whose symptoms consist of dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death | pellagra |
| Painful flush, hives, and rash as a result of niacin toxicity is known as _______. | niacin flush |
| A protein found in what food inhibits absorption of Biotin? | raw egg whites |
| Vitamin synthesized by intestinal bacteria? | biotin |
| Vitamin that is part of coenzyme A? | Pantothenic Acid |
| Vitamin thought to combat PMS? | B6 |
| Vitamin that reduces the risk of neural tube defects? | folate |
| Most common neural tube defect? | spina bifida |
| Function shared by B12 and Folate? | cell synthesis |
| Vitamin that is bound to glutamic acid molecules in food? | folate |
| ______ folate is 1.7 times more available than ______. | synthetic, natural |
| The deficiency symptoms of _______ include: Anemia (large-cell type), Megaloblastic anemia; Smooth, red tongue; Mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache | folate |
| In order for absorption to occur ______ must bind with Intrinsic Factor in the small intestine. | vitamin b12 |
| Inflammation of the stomach, common in older people. Production of HCL and intrinsic factor diminsh, thus decreasing the ability to absorb B12. | Atrophic Gastritis |
| Deficiency symptoms of ______ include: Anemia (large-cell type); Fatigue, degeneration of peripheral nerves progressing to paralysis | vitamin b12 |
| Groups at risk for B12 deficiency? | elderly, vegetarians |
| B12 deficiency caused by atrophic gastritis and lack of intrinsic factor is ______. | pernicious anemia |
| Collagen synthesis, Antioxidant Thyroxin synthesis, Amino acid metabolism, Strengthens resistance to infection, Absorption of iron | Vitamin C |
| Deficiency symptoms include Anemia (small-cell type) Atherosclerotic plaques Pinpoint hemorrhages, bone fragility, joint pain Poor wound healing, frequent infections, bleeding gums, loosened teeth | Vitamin C |
| Foods rich in Vitamin C? | Citrus fruits, Cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables |
| ascorbic acid is also known as ______ | vitamin c |
| Vitamin A source derived from animals? | retinoids |
| Vitamin A source derived from plants? | carotenoids |
| ______ is a precursor to vitamin A. | beta-carotene |
| What retinoid helps maintain the cornea? | retinal |
| What retinoid helps with epithelial tissue? | retinoic acid |
| Special transport protein that picks up Vitamin A from the liver where it is stored and carries it to the bloodstream. | Retinol-binding protein |
| Vitamin A deficiency disease is ______. | hypovitaminosis A |
| ______ deficiency symptoms include: Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), Bitot’s spots | Vitamin A |
| Vitamin A definciency that consists of the plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming white lumps | hyperkaratosis, keratinization |
| ______, a drug for acne treatment, is made from Vitamin A but it is chemically different | Accutane |
| ______, a drug for acne treatment, is highly toxic especially for pregnant women | Accutane |
| Food sources of Vitamin A? | liver, orange vegetables |
| The precursor of Vitamin D is the body’s own ______. | Cholesterol |
| Organs that help synthesize Vitamin D? | skin |
| Vitamin D deficiency diseases include, ______, in children and ______, in adults | rickets, osteomalacia |
| Food sources of Vitamin D? | Fortified milk, margarine, butter, cereals, and chocolate mixes Veal, beef, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish (herring, salmon, sardines) and their oils |
| ______ stop the chain reactions of free radicals from producing other free radicals. | antioxidants |
| ______ are molecules with one or more unpaired electrons, highly unstable, highly reactive. | free radicals |
| ______ can donate electrons to neutralize free radicals and prevent them from damaging tissues. | antioxidants |
| ______ protects PUFA and Vitamin A from oxidation | vitamin E |
| ______ protects LDL from oxidation and so reduces the risk of heart disease. | vitamin E |
| ______ deficiency from inadequate dietary intake is rare. Deficiency is usually associated with disease of fat malabsorption. | vitamin E |
| ______ deficiency causes red blood cells to break open and spill their contents (Erthrocyte Hemolysis which can lead to hemolytic anemia) | vitamin E |
| Food sources of vitamin E? | Polyunsaturated plant oils (margarine, salad dressings, shortenings) Leafy green vegetables, wheat germ, whole grains, liver, egg yolks, nuts, seeds |
| Vitamin K activates ______ which is a precursor of thrombin. | prothrombin |
| Vitamins that are synthesized in the body? | D, K |
| Vitamin injected at birth in newborns? | K |
| Food sources of Vitamin K? | Liver Leafy green vegetables, cabbage-type vegetables Milk |
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