terminology and definitions
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| Fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem bronchi branch. | carina
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| Insertion of a tube. | intubation
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| Tube designed to be inserted into the trachea; oxygen, medication, or a suction catheter can be directed into the trachea through and endotracheal tube. | endotracheal tube
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| Area directly above the openings of both the trachea and the esophagus. | hypopharynx
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| Inadequate oxygenation or oxygen starvation. | hypoxia
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| Opening to the trachea. | glottic opening
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| Tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach. | esophagus
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| To provide ventilations at a higher rate to compensate for oxygen not delivered through intubation or suctioning. | hyperventilate
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| Leaf-shaped structure that acts as a covering to the opening of the trachea and that it prevents food and foreign matter from entering it. | epiglottis
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| Ring-shaped structure that circles the trachea at the lower portion of the larynx. | cricoid cartilage
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| Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea at the lower portion of the larynx. | bronchi
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| Voice box | larynx
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| Microscopic sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. | alveoli
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| Illuminating instrument that is inserted into the pharynx to permit visualization of the pharynx and larynx. | laryngoscope
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| Esophageal intubation detector device that may be used to detect incorrect placement (or to verify correct placement) of the endotracheal tube. | EIDD- esophageal intubation detector device
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| Placement of an endotracheal tube through the mouth and into the trachea. | Orotracheal intubation
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| Windpipe, structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs. | trachea
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| Two thin folds of tissue within the larynx that vibrate as air passes between them, producing sounds. | vocal cords
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| Long, thin, flexible, metal probe | stylet
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| Either of the two (right or left) large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. | mainstem bronchi
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| Groove like structure anterior to the epiglottis. | vallecula
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| Tube designed to be passed through the nose, nasopharynx, and esophagus. It is used to relive distention of the stomach in an infant or child. | nasogastric (NG) tube
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| Area directly posterior to the nose. | nasopharynx
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| Area directly posterior to the mouth. | oropharynx
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| Pressure applies to the cricoid cartilage to suppress vomiting and bring the vocal cords into view; also called cricoid pressure. | Sellick's maneuver
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| Why is food more apt to be aspirated into the right mainstem bronchus rather than the left mainstem bronchus? | it splits off the carina at less of an angle than the left
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| The brain's center for respiratory control is located in the | brainstem
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| When placing the endotracheal tube, the EMT-B uses | direct visualization
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| Advantages of orotracheal intubation include: | complete control of the airway, minimizes the risk of aspiration, allows for better oxygen delivery, allows for deeper suctioning of the airway
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| Complications of orotracheal intubation include: | hypoxia, soft tissue trauma to lips/gums/airway, gagging, vomiting
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| This occurs when the endotracheal tube is advanced too deeply. | right-mainstem intubation
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| Most serious complication of endotrachial intubation. | esophageal intubation
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| The EMT should reassess endotracheal tube placement each time the patient is moved to prevent: | accidental extubation
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| Most adult patients can be intubated using a size ___ straight blade or a size ____ curved blade. | 2 or 3 straight blade, 3 curved blade
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| The straight blade is designed so the tip of the blade is inserted | into the vallecula.
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| The cuff at the distal end of the endotracheal tube usually seals with how much air? | 8-10 cc
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| When using an endotracheal tube of an infant or child less than 8 years of age, do not put this on the tube. | a cuff
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| This part of the endotracheal tube is always this size, no matter what the internal diameter of the endotracheal tube. | standard 15 mm adapter
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| An adult male shuld receive this size tube. | 8.0 or 8.5 mm
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| In an adult, the properly placed tube will have the ___ cm mark at the teeth. | 22 cm
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| Once the lubricated stylet is inserted, the endotracheal tube should be shaped like a | hockey stick
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| Prior to securing an endotracheal tube, do these steps: | insert an oral airway as a bite block, listen to both lungs, listen over the epigastrium
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| Before an intubation attempt, always check | laryngoscope light bulb, cuff on tube, shape of the tube and stylet
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| The laryngoscope is designed to be held in this hand. | left hand
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| Sellick's maneuver is designed to help reduce the risk of | vomiting
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| Correct order for verifying tube placement by auscultation is: | epigastrium, then left, then right
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| If breath sounds are diminished or absent of the left, but present on the right, it is likely the tube has advanced into the | right mainstem bronchus
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| The EMT should make no more than __ attempts at orotracheal intubation. | two
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| The narrowest point of an infant or small child's airway is the: | cricoid ring
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| Preferred laryngoscope blade size for infants and small children. | #1 straight
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| A nasogastric tube is commonly used on an infant or child patient to | decompress the stomach and proximal bowel
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| If you are unable to ventilate the pediatric patient due to distention of the stomach, consider using a | nasogastric tube
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| The main contraindication for nasogastric tube placement in the infanct or child is | head or major facial trauma
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| The nasogastric tube should be measured from the | tip of the nose around the ear to below the xiphoid process.
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| Four indications for when to perform orotracheal intubation: | inability to ventilate the apneic patient, to protect the airway of a patient without a gag reflex or cough, to protect the airway of a patient unresponsive to any painful stimuli, cardia arrest
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| Six complications of deep suctioning that can be avoided by hyperventilation: | cardiac disrhythmia, hypoxia, coughing, damaging to lining/mucosa of airway, spasm of bronchioles if catheter extends past carina, spasm of the vocal cords during orotracheal suctioning
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