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Airway Management
terminology and definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fork at the lower end of the trachea where the two mainstem bronchi branch. | carina |
| Insertion of a tube. | intubation |
| Tube designed to be inserted into the trachea; oxygen, medication, or a suction catheter can be directed into the trachea through and endotracheal tube. | endotracheal tube |
| Area directly above the openings of both the trachea and the esophagus. | hypopharynx |
| Inadequate oxygenation or oxygen starvation. | hypoxia |
| Opening to the trachea. | glottic opening |
| Tube that leads from the pharynx to the stomach. | esophagus |
| To provide ventilations at a higher rate to compensate for oxygen not delivered through intubation or suctioning. | hyperventilate |
| Leaf-shaped structure that acts as a covering to the opening of the trachea and that it prevents food and foreign matter from entering it. | epiglottis |
| Ring-shaped structure that circles the trachea at the lower portion of the larynx. | cricoid cartilage |
| Two large sets of branches that come off the trachea at the lower portion of the larynx. | bronchi |
| Voice box | larynx |
| Microscopic sacs of the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. | alveoli |
| Illuminating instrument that is inserted into the pharynx to permit visualization of the pharynx and larynx. | laryngoscope |
| Esophageal intubation detector device that may be used to detect incorrect placement (or to verify correct placement) of the endotracheal tube. | EIDD- esophageal intubation detector device |
| Placement of an endotracheal tube through the mouth and into the trachea. | Orotracheal intubation |
| Windpipe, structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs. | trachea |
| Two thin folds of tissue within the larynx that vibrate as air passes between them, producing sounds. | vocal cords |
| Long, thin, flexible, metal probe | stylet |
| Either of the two (right or left) large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs. | mainstem bronchi |
| Groove like structure anterior to the epiglottis. | vallecula |
| Tube designed to be passed through the nose, nasopharynx, and esophagus. It is used to relive distention of the stomach in an infant or child. | nasogastric (NG) tube |
| Area directly posterior to the nose. | nasopharynx |
| Area directly posterior to the mouth. | oropharynx |
| Pressure applies to the cricoid cartilage to suppress vomiting and bring the vocal cords into view; also called cricoid pressure. | Sellick's maneuver |
| Why is food more apt to be aspirated into the right mainstem bronchus rather than the left mainstem bronchus? | it splits off the carina at less of an angle than the left |
| The brain's center for respiratory control is located in the | brainstem |
| When placing the endotracheal tube, the EMT-B uses | direct visualization |
| Advantages of orotracheal intubation include: | complete control of the airway, minimizes the risk of aspiration, allows for better oxygen delivery, allows for deeper suctioning of the airway |
| Complications of orotracheal intubation include: | hypoxia, soft tissue trauma to lips/gums/airway, gagging, vomiting |
| This occurs when the endotracheal tube is advanced too deeply. | right-mainstem intubation |
| Most serious complication of endotrachial intubation. | esophageal intubation |
| The EMT should reassess endotracheal tube placement each time the patient is moved to prevent: | accidental extubation |
| Most adult patients can be intubated using a size ___ straight blade or a size ____ curved blade. | 2 or 3 straight blade, 3 curved blade |
| The straight blade is designed so the tip of the blade is inserted | into the vallecula. |
| The cuff at the distal end of the endotracheal tube usually seals with how much air? | 8-10 cc |
| When using an endotracheal tube of an infant or child less than 8 years of age, do not put this on the tube. | a cuff |
| This part of the endotracheal tube is always this size, no matter what the internal diameter of the endotracheal tube. | standard 15 mm adapter |
| An adult male shuld receive this size tube. | 8.0 or 8.5 mm |
| In an adult, the properly placed tube will have the ___ cm mark at the teeth. | 22 cm |
| Once the lubricated stylet is inserted, the endotracheal tube should be shaped like a | hockey stick |
| Prior to securing an endotracheal tube, do these steps: | insert an oral airway as a bite block, listen to both lungs, listen over the epigastrium |
| Before an intubation attempt, always check | laryngoscope light bulb, cuff on tube, shape of the tube and stylet |
| The laryngoscope is designed to be held in this hand. | left hand |
| Sellick's maneuver is designed to help reduce the risk of | vomiting |
| Correct order for verifying tube placement by auscultation is: | epigastrium, then left, then right |
| If breath sounds are diminished or absent of the left, but present on the right, it is likely the tube has advanced into the | right mainstem bronchus |
| The EMT should make no more than __ attempts at orotracheal intubation. | two |
| The narrowest point of an infant or small child's airway is the: | cricoid ring |
| Preferred laryngoscope blade size for infants and small children. | #1 straight |
| A nasogastric tube is commonly used on an infant or child patient to | decompress the stomach and proximal bowel |
| If you are unable to ventilate the pediatric patient due to distention of the stomach, consider using a | nasogastric tube |
| The main contraindication for nasogastric tube placement in the infanct or child is | head or major facial trauma |
| The nasogastric tube should be measured from the | tip of the nose around the ear to below the xiphoid process. |
| Four indications for when to perform orotracheal intubation: | inability to ventilate the apneic patient, to protect the airway of a patient without a gag reflex or cough, to protect the airway of a patient unresponsive to any painful stimuli, cardia arrest |
| Six complications of deep suctioning that can be avoided by hyperventilation: | cardiac disrhythmia, hypoxia, coughing, damaging to lining/mucosa of airway, spasm of bronchioles if catheter extends past carina, spasm of the vocal cords during orotracheal suctioning |
Created by:
UBEMT
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