Cardiovascular and lymphatic infections
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| moderate # can enter bloodstream, & blood may become infected due to invasive procedures. Blood and lymph contain many phagocytes, and low in iron these are things of? | Sepsis and Septic Shock
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| Sepsis & Septic Shock has bacteria that | proligerate if defensins fail
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| Speticemia is | acute illness, presence of persistence of microbes in blood
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| first clue of sepsis is | fever, chills, accelerated breathing increased heart rate
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| spetic shock | organ failure, uncontrollable low blood pressure, mortality rate rapidly increases
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| Most often cause of septic shock | is release of endotoxins --> only gram (-) retained within in cell
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| initial symptoms not alarming with gram (-) sepsis because | usually non-specific, treatment not usually administered, and rapid progression to lethal stage
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| Gram (-) sepsis lethal stage treatment may lead to more ________. may attempt ______ | endotoxins, antibiotics
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| gram (-) sepsis lethal stage pt given neutralizing drugs for ____ & _____ inflammation | LPS, cytokine
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| Xigris is used for lethal stage of sepsis what does it do | it reduces clotting and is very expensive and only works in a minority of cases
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| Gram (+) sepsis is the most? | Common
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| Gram (+) sepsis exotoxins leads to | Shock
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| most common cause of neonatal sepsis | streptococcus agalactiae (group B strep)
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| CDC testing recommendations for neonatal sepsis | prior to vaginal birth, LIM broth and antibiotics during labor
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| Puerperal sepsis AKA | puerperal fever/childbirth fever
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| Puerperal sepsis is a ______ infection | nosocomial
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| Puerperal sepsis begins as | uterus infection
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| what is the bug that usually causes puerperal sepsis | Streptococcus pyogens (group A strep)
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| Progression from uterus to abdominal cavity can lead to | puerperal sepsis
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| Puerperal sepsis is transmitted by hands or | instruments usually bu birthing process
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| puerperal sepsis can be treated with____ and prevented by______ | penicillin and hygiene
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| The heart has three layers what is the innermost layer named? | endocardium
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| when there is inflammation of the endocardium what is it called. | endocarditis
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| what is two types of endocarditis in the heart | subacute & acute
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| what is the usual cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis | alpha hemolytic streptococci
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| these two cocci may also be involved with subacute bacterial endocarditis but not as common what are they? | enterococci & Staphylococci
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| subacute bacterial endocarditis tend to arise from other infections can you name some of these | teeth, tonsils, body piercings (nose, tounge, nipples)
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| Subacute bacterial endocarditis may be cleared ______. | quickly
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| these things could complicate subacute bacterial endocarditis | abnormal heart valve, congential heart defects, rheumatic fever
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| if subacute bacterial endocarditis is untreated what would the outcome be? | fatal
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| Acute bacterial endocarditis is caused by what bug? | staphylococcus aureus
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| acute bacterial endocarditis finds way from initial site to the? | heart valves
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| acute bacterial endocarditis causes rapid | destruction of heart valves
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| if acute bacterial endocarditis is untreated it will be fatal within a | few days
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| staphylococcus can calso cause | pericarditis
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| Rheumatic Fever is caused by what bug? | streptococcus pyogenes
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| rheumatic fever is a _________ complication | autoimmune
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| rheumatic fever is usually seen in this age group | 4-18 years
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| with rheumatic fever you may see short periods of ______ & _______. | arthritis & Fever
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| it is also possible to see subcutaneous _______ at joints with Rheumatic fever | nodules
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| 1/2 the cases of rheumatic fever will cause this | Heart valve damage
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| heart valve damage in rheumatic fever is due to this | the M protein is missed directed and attacks the heart
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| the damage from the M protein in rheumatic fever can damage the heart and lead to heart failure and possible | death
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| a autoimmune response to strep throat can cause this | Rheumatic Fever
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| prophalictic injectionso f PCN G is given to prevent ______ until child is no longer getting strep throat | Rheumatic Fever
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| 10% of people who have Rheumatic fever develop this | Sydenham's chorea
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| Sydenham's chorea is also known as | Saint Vitus' Dance
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| Zoonotic disease is found in | rabbit & ground squrrels
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| Tularemia | Franscisella tularensis
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| Francisella tularensis can lead to? | Sepsis
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| Francisella tularensis is what gram? | gram (-) rod
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| francisella tularensis creats | ulcers
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| Tularemia caused the lymph nodes to | enlarge
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| in tularemia bacteria multiplies in the | macrophages
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| 90% in U.S. due to contact with rabbits aka rabbit fever what am I | tularemia
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| Tularemia can also be transmitted by ______ or ______, aka deer fly fever | ticks or insects
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| the respiratory form of tularemia is caused by? | inhalation of contaminted dust, pneumonia and is on reportable list
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| what is the treatment of tularemia | intracellular location concern in treatment, also use tetracycline
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| Brucellosis is also known as (AKA) | undulating fever
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| what is the most common brucellosis | bacterial zoonosis
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| brucellosis is not usually | fatal
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| Brucellosis persists in _______ system | reticuloendothelial
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| brucellosis is adapt at evading what type of cells | phagocytic cells
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| brucellosis can infect many of these | organ sytems
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| brucellosis is caused by this bug | brucella bacteria
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| brucella bacteria is a gram ()? | gram (-) coccobacillus
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| brucella bacteria is _____ and easily _____, this bug is also a potential _______ agent. | small, aerosolized, bioterrorism
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| Brucellosis has 3 imortant species what are they? | Brucella abortus, Brucella sius, brucella melitensis
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| Brucella abortus is found in ______ and causes this | Cattle, spontaneous abortion
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| Brucella sius normally infects _____, and causes this | swine, spontaneous abortaion
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| Brucella melitensis is the most ______, and causes most ______ cases, was an endemic in _____ and was imported into the _______. | serious, human cases, mexico, U.S.
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| what are the symptoms for brucellosis? | wide range, fever usually rising and falling, night sweats, and muscle aches
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| how do you diagnose Brucellosis | serological test and a definitive would be isolation of brucella from blood or tissue
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| how do you treat brucellosis | combination therapy, at least two antibiotics and is long term
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| Anthrax what is the bug | bacillus anthracis
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| bacillus anthracis is isolated by | Koch method
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| bacillus anthracis is a large gram? | large gram (+) rod
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| bacillus anthracis is a _____ former | endospore
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| bacillus anthracis is ____ and a _____ grower | aerobic, slow
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| anthrax is usually found in ______ animales who consume spores from grass. | grazing
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| examples of these animales carring anthrax is | cattle and sheep
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| 90% e.Faecium VRE has to do with gram (+) | gram (+) sepsis
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| these people are at risk at getting anthrax who are they | animal handlers, and those that work with wool and animal products
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| explain the process of anthrax | infection caused by endospores, taken up by macrophages, it germinates, and then relesaes bacteria into the bloodstream, it replicates rapidly and secretes toxins
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| the virulence of anthrax has two exotoxins and these 2 have ability to gain entry to the cell what are these two | edema toxin, lethal toxin
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| tell me about anthrax edema toxin | localized edema and prevents phagocytosis
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| tell me about anthrax lethal toxins | targets and kill macrophages
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| anthrax consits of a capsule composed of? | amino acids and proligerates incontrollable
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| there are 3 forms of anthrax what are they? | cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation (pulmonary)
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| 90% of cutaneous anthrax occures _______, it enters through skin ______, and forms _______. this ______ ruptures, and creates black ______. | naturally, lesion, papule, papule, eschar
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| cutaneous anthrax s/s are? and it rarely enters _______, and has a mortality rate of ___% if untreated | low grade fever, malaise, bloodstream, 20%
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| Gastrointestinal anthrax is due to the ingestion of ______. S/S include _____ and abdominal ______. a key charteristic is ______ diarrhea due to ulcerated ______ in GI tract. Mortality rate is ___% if untreated. | spores, nausea, pain, bloody, lesions 50%
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| if you were to eat uncooked foods such as hamburger what could you get | Gastrointestinal anthrax
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| Inhalation anthrax is the most _______, and caused by the inhalation of ______. | dangerous, endospores
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| 1st day symptoms of inhalation anthrax are not alarming because they include. | mild fever, cough, some chest pain
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| in the 1st stage of inhalation anthrax it can be stopped but if its now it will lead to these symptoms and kill the patient in this many hours | bacteria enters bloodstream, proliferates, 24-36 hours
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| isolation and ID of _____ anthracis requires level ____ lab | bacillus, 3
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| live stock are often vaccinated againt? | anthrax
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| if wound causes ischemia wound becomes anaerobic, leads to necrosis, dying tissue provides nutrients these are charistics of | Gangrene
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| the bug that causes gangrene is | clostridium perfringens
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| clostridium perfringens are found in? | soil, intestinal tract of animals and humans
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| clostridium perfringens is a gram ___ ____. | gram (+) rod
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| clostridium oerfringens has terminal ____ and is tennis racket shaped | endospores
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| clostridium perfringens causes this | gas gangrene
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| gangreneproduces ___ and ___ | CO2 and H2
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| the CO2 and H2 leads to ____ in gangrene | swelling of tissue
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| the bacteria in gangrene produces | toxins
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| the toxins and bacteria enter bloodstream and leads to | systemic infeection
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| the enzymes in gangrene degrade | collagen
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| Paseurell is caused by | dog and cat bites
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| the bug for pasteurella is | pasteurella multocida
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| pasteurella multocida is what gram | gram (-) rod
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| cat scratch disease is also known as | cat scratch fever
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| the bug that causes cat scratch fever is | bartonella henselae
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| bartonella henselae is what gram and what air? | gram (-) rod, aerobic
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| bartonella henselae infects within the cats? | RBC
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| how is cat scratch fever transmitted | by scratch
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| rat bite fever is uncommon and ___% result in disease | 10%
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| what are the two main causes for rat bite feer | streptobacillus monilliformis, spirllum minus
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| streptobacillus monilliformis is a gram ____ ____, and is highly ___________. | gram (-) rod, pleomorphic
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| what are the symptoms of rat bite fever | rash on extremitis and mortality rate of 10%
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| Spirillum minus (rat bite fever) in Asia is known as? | Sodoku
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| spirillum minus is a gram (-) _____, and require microscopic diagnosis | spirillium
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| this dieses killed more school aged children then all diseases combined in the 20th century | rheumatic fever
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| 1894 Alexander Yersin was the founder of the? | Plague
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| there is a connection between fleas and ____. but fleas carried this diseas | rats, plague
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| plague was one of the 1st acts of this | bio-terrorism
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| what is the main vector of the plague | the rat flea
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| there are 3 types of plague this one is spread by the fleas and this appears, and what kind of plague am I | bubo appears, bubonic plague
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| a bubo is defined as swollen ____ nodes, and ____ to the touch, you have flue like symptoms and a fever as high as____. | lymph, hot, 104
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| this plague cannot be spread person to person | bubonic plague
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| septicemic plague traditonally comes from the bubo and is found in the ____, and in addition to flu symptoms, confusion _____ shock, and this can occur | blood, septic, seizures
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| ring around the rosey was created because of this disease | the plague
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| the plague leads to narcrotic tissue known as | black death
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| with the plague blood draw must be done between ___ & ____ mins apart. | 10-30
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| septicemic plague is also not spread | person to person
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| the worst form of the plague is? | pneumonic
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| pneumonic plague is very rare and is spread _____ to ______ adn there is no _____ involved. | person to person, flea
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| a chaartistic sign with pneumonic plague is | cough and bloody sputum
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| pneumonic plague can lead to respiratory failue and ______. there is no bubos but the lymph nodes are _____. | shock, tender
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| the causitive organism of pneumonic plague is | yersinia pestis
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| yersinia pestis requires oxygen and is considred ______ aerobic, is a gram () rod, and they do not move on their own, and do not form ______. | facultative, (-), spores
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| the gram stain for yersinia is special as it has this apperance due to central vaculoe | safety pin apperance
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| Yersinia pestis has to be in a special level 3 lab with mice, yersinia pestis also has a special proten what is the protein and what is called | glycoprotein envelope called fraction 1
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| this glycoprotein in yersinia pestis must be looked for with this test | FA testing
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| in FA culture you look for the presens of this. | the presence of F1 antigen
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| how do you prevent the plague | control, rat and flea population
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| relapsing fever has three differnt bugs what are they? | Borrelia hermsii, borrelia parkerii, borrellia turicatae
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| relapsing fever is transmitted by | soft ticks
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| what are the symptoms of relapsing fever | fever over 40c, jaundice, rose colored skin spots and 3-5 days fever subsides
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| how do you diagnose relapsing fever | observation of spirochete in blood (FDA)
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| HX of lyme disease | 1975 lyme connecticut, 1982 borrelia burgdorferi/ dr. w. burgdorfer
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| causative agent of lyme disease | borrelia burgdorferi
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| borrelia burgdorferi is the largest _____ shaped | Spiral
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| these are characteristics of what bug? motil, 3 layered cell wall, and gram (-) | borrelia burgdorferi
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| Borrelia burgodorferi has the ability to change shapes of ____, it can lay _____, and cause____ it also has a _____ layer | antigens, dormant, replapse, slime
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| the antigen on the inner membrane of borrelia burgdorferi confuses the _____ system and unable to ____ easily | immune, kill
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| how is borrelia burgdorferi transferred | Ixodes deer tick, and ixodes pacificus tick pacific coastal
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| borrelia burgdorferi is also transmiited by | mice, squirrels, small animals and the deer tick
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| what are key charistics of lyme disease | bulls eye rask, and immune and nervous system affected
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| this is a later sign and symptoms of lyme disease | Strange behavior-> delayed behavior, drastic mood swings
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| the advance stages of lyme disease is | facial paralysis, CNS
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| how do you diagnose lyme disease | ELISA, western blot (similiar to elisa but looks for proteins)
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| it takes Borellia burgdorferi ___ to___ hours to divide compared to staphylococcus and streptococcus 20 mins to double, this makes it hard to detect | 12-24 hours
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| how do you remove a tick | tweezers, close to skin, soap and water, no squashing
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