lecture 2 of 3 for final micro test
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| meningitis | inflammation of the covering of the brain
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| bacterial Meningitis | Neisseria meningitidis
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| Neisseria meningitidis | gram negative diplococci
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| virulence related to | capsule, pill, endotoxins
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| Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by | droplets
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| there are differnt types of Neisseria meningitidis which two types are highly infectious | Type B & C
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| what are the Sign and symptoms of Neisseria meningitidis? | fever, stiff neck and headache, and rapidly progress to convulsions and coma
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| How do you diagnosis Neisseria meningitidis? | Gram stain, culture of CSF (which must be back in 1 hour) and rapid diagnosis is essential
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| what is the treatment of Neisseria meningitidis? | penicillin and penicillin family antibiotics, rifampin prophylaxis
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| there is a vaccine for neisseria meningitidis but who is it not effective in? | Children
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| name three other bugs that cause meningitidis | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus spp. listeria spp.
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| Listeria monocytogenes | causes listeriosis
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| listeria monocytogenes is caused by? | consuming the bacterium (usually dairy)
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| Who does listeria monocytogenes affect? | elderly pregnant women new borns and adults with weakended immune systems
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| listeria monocytogenes is a gram _____ _____, and may appear in _____. This bug is non_____ forming. | postive rod, chains, spore
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| what are the symptoms of listeria monocytogenes | fever, muscle aches, nausea or diarrhea
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| if listeria monocytogenes progress to the nervous system what would the symptoms be then | headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance or convulsions
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| tell me about listeria monocytogens in the pregnant women | mild flue-like illness, severe for unborn child
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| how can we prevent listeria monocytogenes | thoroughly cook raw food, wash raw vegetables, keep uncooked meat separate from vegetables, avoid unpasteruized milk, consume perishable and ready to eat foods as soon as possible.
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| Viral meningitis is also known as? | aseptic meningitis
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| this viral meningitis is usually caused by | enterovirus
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| viral meningitis usually affects | infants and young children
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| enterovirus r/t viral meningitis is part of this family | poliovirus which is a rna virus
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| what are the symptoms of viral meningitis in an adult | high fever, headache and stiff neck, nausea, vomiting.
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| what are the symptoms of viral meningitis in a infant | fever, irritability, poor eating, hard to awaken
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| how we do we diagnose viral meningitis? | requires spinal tap, negative for bacterial antigens, negative for gram stain, & RT-PCR
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| is there any treatment for viral meningitis | NO
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| Botulism | paralytic illness
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| botulism is caused by | clostridium botulinum
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| botulism is a gram | positive rod shape
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| botulism is found in the | soil
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| botulism prefers low | O2 conditions
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| botulism has ______ production | exotoxin
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| there are 3 types of botulism what are they? | foodborne, wound, and infant
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| the transmission of botulism is | food containing botulium toxin, infected wound, consuming spores from honey
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| what are the symptoms of botulism | double/blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, muscle weakness
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| botulism may lead to | arms, legs, trunk, respiratory muscles
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| how do you diagnose botulism | patients history, physicak examination, stool, serum
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| what is treatment for votulism | foodborne and wound botulsim- may induce vomiting, may use enames, equine antitoxin, wounds treated surgically, appropriate antibiotics, human derived antitoxin for infants
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| treatment for severe form of botulism | ventilators for weeks, intensive medical and nursing care
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| clostridum tetani | causes tetanus
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| clostridium tetani is a gram? | positive
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| clostridium forms terminal | endospores
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| clostridium likes what kind of air | anaerobic
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| clostridium tetani is found in the | soil
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| the virulence of tetanus is that it has a powerful | exotoxin that can produce neurotoxin
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| the neurotoxin from the exotoxin that tetanus produces interfers with | muscular contraction and relaxation
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| symptoms of this neurotoxin that the exotoxin that tetanus produces is | stiff or "lock jaw", sardonic smile muscles stay contracted
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| how do you diagnose tetanus | examination and wound culture
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| what is the treatment of tetanus | antibiotic, and antitoxins
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| what is the prognosis of tetanus | fetal in 30% of adults and fetal in 90% of infants
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| if there is a vaccine for tetanus what would the name be | DPT & Tdap
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| Polio | president roosevelt
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| poliomyelitis break it down | polio (grey) and myelon (marrow)
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| where does Polio reside | only in humans
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| Is polio RNA or DNA based | RNA
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| what group is polio part of | enterovirus group
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| what can polio be transffered in | feces, blood, mucous
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| what are the symptoms for polio | fever, headache, muscle pains, localized muscle paralysis, death if nerves in brain stem are paralyzed
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| how do you diagnose Polio | recognized by symptoms, confirmation by PCR from throat, stool or CSF
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| what is the treatment of Polio | there is no cure, control secondary infections
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| how can you prevent Polio | Vaccine by oral polio vaccine (OPV) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
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| Rabies is this virus | lassavirus
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| rabies is a _____ virus | RNA
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| Rabies is "_____" shaped | bullet
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| Rabies is _______ | Zoonotic
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| rabies is ______ in humans and is transmitted by infected _______. | rare, saliva
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| these two animales are teh primary culprit of rabies what are they | Bats & raccoons
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| with Rabies the virus is replicated in the _____ | muscle
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| one rabies is replicated it migrates to the ____ | CNS
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| from teh CNS rabies continues to the | Brain
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| From the brain rabies can lead to | death
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| what are the intial symptoms of rabies | pain discomfort at site of exposure, fever and malaise
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| what are the late symptoms of rabies | hydrophobia, salivation, convulsions, paralysis, and death
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| hwo do you diagnosis rabies | can only be tested in animals, and requires the hind brain, you use DFA, and negri bodies
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| what is the treatment of rabies | depends on site of bit- face/hand= emergancey, the body is non-er. wash bite site, and adminster human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) must IM away from the site, patient will recieve rabies vaccine series, adn treatment is successful if administered early
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| Arboviruses | arthropod borne viruses
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| arbovirus is always transferred from | arthropod (insect)
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| it is a ______ virus | RNA
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| there are 5 major encephalitis virus common knowledge of 3 what are they? | Saint louis encephalitis (SLE) eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) West nile virus (WNV)
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| WNV is a | bio-terrism agent
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| Arboviruse is transmitted by ______ bites and horses & birds are the _______ | mosquito, reservoir
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| what are the symptoms of Arbovirus | abrupt onset, high fever, horrible headache, and may lead to paralysis
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| What is the treatment of Arbovirus | supportive
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| how do you prevent arboviruses | surveillance, and eliminate vector
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| tell me the prognosis of WNV, EEE, and SLE | WNV 10% fatal, EEE 33% fatal, and SLE 5-30%
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| Creutzfeld- Jakob disease | a prion disease
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| what is a prion | a missed shaped protein mutated protein
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| Creutzfeld-Jakob disease is a _________ brain disorder | Neurodegenerative
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| Creutzfeld-Jakob disease is _____ progressive and always _____ | rapidly, fatal
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| Creutzfeld-Jakob disease has three catagories of disease what are they? | Sporadic, hereditary, acquired
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| Sporadic is the most ______ form, adn accounts for 85% of cases, transmissible from host to ____, the cause is _____. | common, host, unknown
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| sporadic creutzfeld-Jakob disease can destroy ____ ______ giving it a spongy appearance, it can lead to ______ and _____. | brain tissue, dementia and death
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| hereditary Crutzfeld-Jakob disease has a family ____ of the disease, and is genetically _____. | history, predisposed
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| hereditary Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, subject will test positive for a | genetic mutation
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| Aquired Creutzfeld-Jakob disease acquired type is the _____ type. | Rarest
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| exposure to infected brain tissue, usually through various medical procedures and human to human transmission, cattle to human transmission, are all major health concern but what type of Creutzfeld-Jakob is this | acquired
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| How do you diagnose Creutzfeld-Jakob disease | eeg, protein detection in CSF, MRI, only true confirmation is by a brain biopsy or an autopsy
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| what is the treatment for Creutzfeld jakob disease | comfort measures, pain control, education to the family
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| what is the prognosis of Creutzfeld Jakob disease | average 2 years, few "long term"
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