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Final Micro test
lecture 2 of 3 for final micro test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| meningitis | inflammation of the covering of the brain |
| bacterial Meningitis | Neisseria meningitidis |
| Neisseria meningitidis | gram negative diplococci |
| virulence related to | capsule, pill, endotoxins |
| Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by | droplets |
| there are differnt types of Neisseria meningitidis which two types are highly infectious | Type B & C |
| what are the Sign and symptoms of Neisseria meningitidis? | fever, stiff neck and headache, and rapidly progress to convulsions and coma |
| How do you diagnosis Neisseria meningitidis? | Gram stain, culture of CSF (which must be back in 1 hour) and rapid diagnosis is essential |
| what is the treatment of Neisseria meningitidis? | penicillin and penicillin family antibiotics, rifampin prophylaxis |
| there is a vaccine for neisseria meningitidis but who is it not effective in? | Children |
| name three other bugs that cause meningitidis | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus spp. listeria spp. |
| Listeria monocytogenes | causes listeriosis |
| listeria monocytogenes is caused by? | consuming the bacterium (usually dairy) |
| Who does listeria monocytogenes affect? | elderly pregnant women new borns and adults with weakended immune systems |
| listeria monocytogenes is a gram _____ _____, and may appear in _____. This bug is non_____ forming. | postive rod, chains, spore |
| what are the symptoms of listeria monocytogenes | fever, muscle aches, nausea or diarrhea |
| if listeria monocytogenes progress to the nervous system what would the symptoms be then | headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance or convulsions |
| tell me about listeria monocytogens in the pregnant women | mild flue-like illness, severe for unborn child |
| how can we prevent listeria monocytogenes | thoroughly cook raw food, wash raw vegetables, keep uncooked meat separate from vegetables, avoid unpasteruized milk, consume perishable and ready to eat foods as soon as possible. |
| Viral meningitis is also known as? | aseptic meningitis |
| this viral meningitis is usually caused by | enterovirus |
| viral meningitis usually affects | infants and young children |
| enterovirus r/t viral meningitis is part of this family | poliovirus which is a rna virus |
| what are the symptoms of viral meningitis in an adult | high fever, headache and stiff neck, nausea, vomiting. |
| what are the symptoms of viral meningitis in a infant | fever, irritability, poor eating, hard to awaken |
| how we do we diagnose viral meningitis? | requires spinal tap, negative for bacterial antigens, negative for gram stain, & RT-PCR |
| is there any treatment for viral meningitis | NO |
| Botulism | paralytic illness |
| botulism is caused by | clostridium botulinum |
| botulism is a gram | positive rod shape |
| botulism is found in the | soil |
| botulism prefers low | O2 conditions |
| botulism has ______ production | exotoxin |
| there are 3 types of botulism what are they? | foodborne, wound, and infant |
| the transmission of botulism is | food containing botulium toxin, infected wound, consuming spores from honey |
| what are the symptoms of botulism | double/blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, muscle weakness |
| botulism may lead to | arms, legs, trunk, respiratory muscles |
| how do you diagnose botulism | patients history, physicak examination, stool, serum |
| what is treatment for votulism | foodborne and wound botulsim- may induce vomiting, may use enames, equine antitoxin, wounds treated surgically, appropriate antibiotics, human derived antitoxin for infants |
| treatment for severe form of botulism | ventilators for weeks, intensive medical and nursing care |
| clostridum tetani | causes tetanus |
| clostridium tetani is a gram? | positive |
| clostridium forms terminal | endospores |
| clostridium likes what kind of air | anaerobic |
| clostridium tetani is found in the | soil |
| the virulence of tetanus is that it has a powerful | exotoxin that can produce neurotoxin |
| the neurotoxin from the exotoxin that tetanus produces interfers with | muscular contraction and relaxation |
| symptoms of this neurotoxin that the exotoxin that tetanus produces is | stiff or "lock jaw", sardonic smile muscles stay contracted |
| how do you diagnose tetanus | examination and wound culture |
| what is the treatment of tetanus | antibiotic, and antitoxins |
| what is the prognosis of tetanus | fetal in 30% of adults and fetal in 90% of infants |
| if there is a vaccine for tetanus what would the name be | DPT & Tdap |
| Polio | president roosevelt |
| poliomyelitis break it down | polio (grey) and myelon (marrow) |
| where does Polio reside | only in humans |
| Is polio RNA or DNA based | RNA |
| what group is polio part of | enterovirus group |
| what can polio be transffered in | feces, blood, mucous |
| what are the symptoms for polio | fever, headache, muscle pains, localized muscle paralysis, death if nerves in brain stem are paralyzed |
| how do you diagnose Polio | recognized by symptoms, confirmation by PCR from throat, stool or CSF |
| what is the treatment of Polio | there is no cure, control secondary infections |
| how can you prevent Polio | Vaccine by oral polio vaccine (OPV) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) |
| Rabies is this virus | lassavirus |
| rabies is a _____ virus | RNA |
| Rabies is "_____" shaped | bullet |
| Rabies is _______ | Zoonotic |
| rabies is ______ in humans and is transmitted by infected _______. | rare, saliva |
| these two animales are teh primary culprit of rabies what are they | Bats & raccoons |
| with Rabies the virus is replicated in the _____ | muscle |
| one rabies is replicated it migrates to the ____ | CNS |
| from teh CNS rabies continues to the | Brain |
| From the brain rabies can lead to | death |
| what are the intial symptoms of rabies | pain discomfort at site of exposure, fever and malaise |
| what are the late symptoms of rabies | hydrophobia, salivation, convulsions, paralysis, and death |
| hwo do you diagnosis rabies | can only be tested in animals, and requires the hind brain, you use DFA, and negri bodies |
| what is the treatment of rabies | depends on site of bit- face/hand= emergancey, the body is non-er. wash bite site, and adminster human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) must IM away from the site, patient will recieve rabies vaccine series, adn treatment is successful if administered early |
| Arboviruses | arthropod borne viruses |
| arbovirus is always transferred from | arthropod (insect) |
| it is a ______ virus | RNA |
| there are 5 major encephalitis virus common knowledge of 3 what are they? | Saint louis encephalitis (SLE) eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) West nile virus (WNV) |
| WNV is a | bio-terrism agent |
| Arboviruse is transmitted by ______ bites and horses & birds are the _______ | mosquito, reservoir |
| what are the symptoms of Arbovirus | abrupt onset, high fever, horrible headache, and may lead to paralysis |
| What is the treatment of Arbovirus | supportive |
| how do you prevent arboviruses | surveillance, and eliminate vector |
| tell me the prognosis of WNV, EEE, and SLE | WNV 10% fatal, EEE 33% fatal, and SLE 5-30% |
| Creutzfeld- Jakob disease | a prion disease |
| what is a prion | a missed shaped protein mutated protein |
| Creutzfeld-Jakob disease is a _________ brain disorder | Neurodegenerative |
| Creutzfeld-Jakob disease is _____ progressive and always _____ | rapidly, fatal |
| Creutzfeld-Jakob disease has three catagories of disease what are they? | Sporadic, hereditary, acquired |
| Sporadic is the most ______ form, adn accounts for 85% of cases, transmissible from host to ____, the cause is _____. | common, host, unknown |
| sporadic creutzfeld-Jakob disease can destroy ____ ______ giving it a spongy appearance, it can lead to ______ and _____. | brain tissue, dementia and death |
| hereditary Crutzfeld-Jakob disease has a family ____ of the disease, and is genetically _____. | history, predisposed |
| hereditary Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, subject will test positive for a | genetic mutation |
| Aquired Creutzfeld-Jakob disease acquired type is the _____ type. | Rarest |
| exposure to infected brain tissue, usually through various medical procedures and human to human transmission, cattle to human transmission, are all major health concern but what type of Creutzfeld-Jakob is this | acquired |
| How do you diagnose Creutzfeld-Jakob disease | eeg, protein detection in CSF, MRI, only true confirmation is by a brain biopsy or an autopsy |
| what is the treatment for Creutzfeld jakob disease | comfort measures, pain control, education to the family |
| what is the prognosis of Creutzfeld Jakob disease | average 2 years, few "long term" |
Created by:
krw882
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