Ap Psych Ch 12/13
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| Psychopathology | Any patterns of emotions, behaviors, or thoughts inappropriate to the situation and leading to personal distress or the inability to achieve important goals
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| Delusions | False thoughts or beliefs
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| Hallucinations | Vivid sensory perceptions such as voices or visions
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| Medical model | Diseases of the mind; objective causes and require specific treatments
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| Social- Cognitive- Behavioral | A psychological alternative to the medical model that views psychological disorder through a combo of social, cognitive, and behavioral processes
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| DSM- IV | Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; the most widely accepted classification system in the US.
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| Neurosis | Anxiety is core
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| Psychosis | Severe, loss of touch with reality
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| Mood Disorders | Person experiences extreme moods or disturbances in mood
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| Major Depression | Form of depression that does not alternate with mania
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| Seasonal Affective Disorder | Believed to be caused by a lack of sunlight (melatonin0
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| Bipolar Disorder | Mental abnormality involving swings of mood from mania to depression
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| Anxiety Disorder | Intensive feelings of apprehension are long-standing and disruptive
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| GAD | Characterized by persistant and pervasive feelings of anxiety, without any external cause
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| Panic | Marked by panic attacks that have no connection to events in a persons present experience
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| Phobic | A group of anxiety disorders involving a pathological fear of a specific object or situation
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| Agoraphobia | Fear of being in a place where it may be difficult or embarrassing to get out of
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| Preparedness Hypothesis | An innate tendancy to respond quickly and automatically to stimuli that posed a survival threat to our ancestors
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| Somatoform Disorders | Symptoms of a physical disorder without a physical cause
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| Hypochondriasis | Preoccupation with the fear of having, or the idea that one has, a serious disease based on a misinterpretation of the body
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| Dissociative Disorders | Involves a sudden loss of memory or change in identity or consciousness
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| Dissociative Amnesia | A psychologically induced loss of memory
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| Dissociative Fugue | Dissociative amnesia with the addition of "flight" from one'shome, family, and job
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| Depersonalization Disorder | An abnormality involving the sensation that mind and body have separated- an "out of body" experience
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| Dissociative Identity Disorders | Condition in which the individual has 2+ distinct personalities along with disruption in memory
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| Anorexia | An eating disorder that involves persistent loss of appitite that endangers health and stems from emotional or psychological reasons rather than organic causes
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| Bulimia | An eating disorder characterized by eating binges followed by "purges"
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| Schizophrenia | Psychotic disorder involving distortions in perceptions, thoughts, and/or emotions
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| Diathesis- Stress Model | In reference to schizophrenia, the proposal that says that genetic factors place the individual at risk while environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder
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| Autism | A developmental disorder marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another persons state of mind
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| Dyslexia | A reading disability, thought by some experts to involve a brain disorder
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| ADHD | A developmental disability involving short attention span, distractability, and extreme difficulty in remaining inactive for any period
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| Insanity | A legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric one, referring to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect to conform his or her behavior to the law
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| Therapy | A general term for any treatment process
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| Psychological therapy | Therapies based on psychological principals (rather than on the biomedical approach) often called "psychotherapy"
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| Biomedical Therapy | Treatments that focus on altering the brain, especially with drugs, psychosurgery, or electroconvulsive therapy
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| Insight therapies | Psychotherapies in which the therapist helps others understand (gain insight) to their problems
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| Psychoanalysis | The form of psychodynamic therapy developed by Sigmund Freud. Goal is to release conflicts and memories from the unconscious
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| Analysis of Transference | The Freudian technique of analyzing and interpreting the patients relationship with the therapist based on the assumption that this relationship mirrors unresolved conflicts in the patients past
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| Neo- Freudian Psychodynamic Therapies | Therapies for mental disorders based on Freud's ideas
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| Humanistic Therapies | Focus on positive growth and self-actualization
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| Client- centered therapies | Emphasizes healthy psychological growth through self- actualization (Rogers)
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| Reflection of Feeling | Carl Rogers technique of paraphrasing the client's words, attempting to capture the emotional tone expressed
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