Digestive System (Updated)
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| The bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth is the | hard palate
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| Salivary glands | parotid, sublingual, submandibular
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| Salivary glands produce salivary amylase, which | begins the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates
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| The folds in the mucous membrane lining of the stomach are called | rugae
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| The circular muscle between the stomach and small intestine that keeps food in the stomach is the | pyloric sphincter
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| The enzyme in the stomach that begins the chemical breakdown of fats is | lipase
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| The first section of the large intestine is the | cecum
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| The walls of the small intestine are lined with fingerlike projections called | villi
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| The enzyme from pancreatic juice that acts on sugars is | amylase, or amylopsin
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| The enzymes maltase, lactase, and sucrase present in the intestinal juice act on | sugars
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| The organ behind the stomach that produces enzymes and the hormone insulin is the | pancreas
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| Functions of the large intestine are: | absorption of water and remaining nutrients, transportation of waste products and synthesis of vitamins by bacteria
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| The function of bile is to | emulsify fats and make them water soluble
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| A chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue is | cirrhosis
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| The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is | cholelithiasis
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| The major cause of a peptic or duodenal ulcer is | bacteria
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| Allow a person to taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter sensations. | Taste receptors
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| Food is converted into a semi-fluid material called chyme located in the | stomach
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| The largest gland in the body. | liver
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| A storage area for indigestibles. | The rectum
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| Occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall. | hernia
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| Symptoms of an ulcer are | hematemesis and melena.
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| Prevents food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing | uvula
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| What occurs when the pancreatic enzymes begin to digest the pancreas? | Pancreatitis
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| Chronic, long-term laxative use can cause | constipation.
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| Whar are available to help prevent both hepatitis A and hepatitis B. | Vaccines
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| Rhythmic, wavelike, involuntary movement of muscles that keeps food moving in a forward direction? | peristalsis
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| Sections of the small intestine. | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| stores sugar in the form of glycogen, stores iron and vitamins, produces heparin, produces bile, produces fibrinogen and prothrombin, produces cholesterol, detoxifies substances, destroys bacteria | functions of the liver.
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| Produces pancreatic juice with enzymes, and produce insulin | functions of the pancreas.
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| What happens to food while it is in the mouth | tasted, broken down physically by the teeth, lubricated and partially digested by saliva,and swallowed
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| What are pairs of salivary glands? | parotid, sublingual and submandibular are salivary glands
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| The enzyme in the stomach that begins the chemical beak down of fats is | lipase
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| Hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice is responsible for | killing bacteria, facilitating the absorption of iron and activating the enzyme pepsin
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| Intestinal juice produced by the small intestine contains the enzyme | lactase
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| A long, muscular tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. | The alimentary canal
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| In the stomach, food is converted into a semifluid material called | chyme
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| The enzyme steapsin is also called | lipase
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| What is the storage area for indigestibles | rectum
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| When an internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall it is called | a hernia
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| What are two symptoms of an ulcer | hematemesis and melena
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| An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal peritoneal cavity is called | ascites
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| Painful dilated or varicose veins of the rectum and/or anus is called | hemorrhoids
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| Transmitted in food or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person | Hepatitis A
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| Transmitted by body fluids including blood, serum, saliva, urine, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk | Hepatitis B
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| Transmitted through contact with blood or body fluids | Hepatitis C
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| Structures that chew and grind food | teeth
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| Carries food from mouth to esophagus | pharynx
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| Muscular organ that contains taste buds | tongue
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| Carries food from pharynx to stomach | esophagus
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| Enlarged section of alimentary canal | stomach
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| Receives bile and pancreatic juice | duodenum
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| Final section of small intestine | ileum
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| Absorbs water and remaining nutrients | large intestine
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| Stores and concentrates bile | gallbladder
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| Glandular organ behind stomach | pancreas
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| Has ascending, transverse, and descending divisions | colon
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| After food is chewed and mixed with saliva, it is called | a bolus
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| Capillaries in villi absorb digested nutrients and carry them to the | liver
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| Pick up digested fats and carry them to the lymphatic system | lacteals
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| A small projection of the cecum is the | vermiform appendix
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| Some B complex vitamins and vitamin K are synthesized (formed) by bacteria in | the large intestine
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| The live produces | cholesterol
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| Two actions of hydrochloric acid in the stomach | kills bacteria and helps absorb iron
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| Two functions of saliva | lubricates mouth, moistens food
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| Major cause is a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), that burrows into stomach membranes | ulcer
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| Condition characterized by frequent watery stools | diarrhea
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| Chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by formation of fibrous connective scar tissue | cirrhosis
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| Inflammation of pouches or sacs that form in the intestine | diverticulitis
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| Severe inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers and abscesses | ulcerative colitis
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| A condition in which enzymes begin to digest the pancreas | pancreatitis
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| A vaccine to prevent this disease is recommended for all health care workers | hepatitis B
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| Chronic disease that occurs when acid from the stomach flows back up into the esophagus | gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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| Inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the stomach and intestine; commonly called stomach flu | gastroenteritis
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