Infancy, Toddlerhood, and Early Childhood
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Reflexes | involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills
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| Sensation | a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli
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| Perception | the “interpretation” of meaning of what we have sensed
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| Binocular vision | the ability of using “both” eyes to focus on an object
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| Intermodal perception | the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another.
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| Cross-modal perception | the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another.
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| Motherese | “baby talk”; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language
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| Personality | consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person’s individuality and interaction within the environment
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| Temperament | consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed
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| Zone of proximal development (ZPD) | the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance
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| Functional play | Children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys
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| Constructive play | Children use objects to create things
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| Dramatic play | Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game
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| Egocentrism | viewing the world solely from one’s own personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers
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| Object permanence | awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view
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| Authoritarian | a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance
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| Permissive | a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows lots of affection
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| Authoritative | a parenting style that listens to child’s requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing.
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