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week3developpsych
Infancy, Toddlerhood, and Early Childhood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reflexes | involuntary responses to particular stimuli; infants very 1st motor skills |
| Sensation | a conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal stimuli |
| Perception | the “interpretation” of meaning of what we have sensed |
| Binocular vision | the ability of using “both” eyes to focus on an object |
| Intermodal perception | the ability to associate information from one sensory modality with information from another. |
| Cross-modal perception | the ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another. |
| Motherese | “baby talk”; a name given to the restricted sort of language spoken by caregivers to their children to teach the child the basic function and structure of language |
| Personality | consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others; basis to define a person’s individuality and interaction within the environment |
| Temperament | consistent, basic dispositions that are an inherent part of a person, which regulate how activity, reactivity, emotionality and sociability are expressed |
| Zone of proximal development (ZPD) | the difference between what a child can do with help and what he or she can do without guidance |
| Functional play | Children make simple repetitive motions with/without toys |
| Constructive play | Children use objects to create things |
| Dramatic play | Children use imaginary situations with prearranged rules to play a game |
| Egocentrism | viewing the world solely from one’s own personal perspective; prevalent in preschoolers |
| Object permanence | awareness that objects exist even though they may not be in view |
| Authoritarian | a parenting style that is strict, relies on punishment, and little nurturance |
| Permissive | a parenting style that makes no demands, flexible guidelines, no punishment, and shows lots of affection |
| Authoritative | a parenting style that listens to child’s requests, willing to compromise, shows affection and nurturing. |
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