Cards for the Biology B3 GCSE 2012
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| show | When Minerals and Ions have to be transported against the concentration gradient (From Low to High Concentration)
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| show | From Respiration
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| show | It contracts and Flattens
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| show | It relaxes and becomes dome shaped
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| show | It decreases
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| show | - They have a large surface are to allow for more gaseous exchange (Both CO2 and O2) – The alveoli have a large blood supply, so the gases reach the bloodstream faster – The alveoli are only 1 cell thick, to allow for fast diffusion into the bloodstream
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| What are the adaptations of the Villi to allow for fast diffusion (3 Things) | show 🗑
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| show | They have a large surface area when in water, so the diffused oxygen within the water can be diffused into the gills fast – They don’t work in air because the stick together and the fish suffocates
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| How do insects respire | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the term for plants losing water vapour | show 🗑
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| show | They have guard cells on the bottom of the leaf also the waxy cuticle is waterproof and gas-proof at night they can’t perform photosynthesis, so the stomata close, locking in the water vapour and gases, reducing the loss of water due to transpiration
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| What conditions increase the rate of transpiration (3 things) and generally, why do they | show 🗑
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| The loss of water and transport of water through the xylem is called what | show 🗑
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| How is wilting an adaptation in plants | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 main components of the circulatory system | show 🗑
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| show | Double Circulation
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| What are the 2 separate blood systems within the human body | show 🗑
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| show | They transport blood AWAY from the heart, also its how you find your pulse, from them moving due to one pump of blood from the heart, red in colour
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| What do the veins do | show 🗑
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| show | They allow for solutes within the blood to be diffused into the body, they are 1 cell thick to allow for fast diffusion
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| show | (Cardiac) Muscle
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| show | Plasma
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| Where is Carbon Diioxide carried within the blood | show 🗑
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| show | It is filtered from the blood within the kidneys, where it is diluted to make urine, the other solutes carry on around the blood system
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| What is the function of red blood cells | show 🗑
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| How are red blood cells adapted for their job | show 🗑
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| What causes Anaemia, and what are its effects | show 🗑
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| show | Glucose + Oxygen -> CO2 + Water (+energy)
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| What 4 changes happen when you are exercising | show 🗑
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| show | Respiring without sufficient Oxygen (Causes muscle burn/fatigue)
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| show | Glucose -> Lactic Acid (+Energy)
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| Why is the breathing rate still high after exercise | show 🗑
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| Why are the kidneys necessary for cells to live | show 🗑
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| When the kidneys reabsorb certain minerals and amounts of water, what is this called | show 🗑
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| How much sugar passes through the kidneys into the urine after exercise and while not doing exercise | show 🗑
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| show | A Dialysis Machine
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| show | About 8 hours
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| show | It extends their life expectancy compared to kidney failure.
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| What are the disadvantages of dialysis | show 🗑
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| show | Its attached to the veins within the groin
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| What are the names of the drugs given to organ receivers (After the operation) and why are they bad | show 🗑
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| show | About 9 Years
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| show | By Diffusion
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| The lungs are in the upper part of the body (___) and are protected by the ____. They are separated from the rest of the body by the ____. | show 🗑
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| show | The breathing system takes AIR out of the body so that OXYGEN from the air can DIFFUSE into the bloodstream and CARBON DIOXIDE can diffuse into and out of the blood.
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| How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf? | show 🗑
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| Most of the water and mineral ions are absorbed by what? | show 🗑
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| show | They have a flattened shape, and internal air spaces.
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| show | The guard cells
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| What 3 things does the blood plasma transport? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) The donor kidney must have the same donor type.
2) Immunosuppressants are used.
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| What is biogenesis? | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria are used in the production of cheese.
Yeast is used in the production of bread and alcoholic drinks.
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| Is yeast a single celled organism? | show 🗑
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| Describe what yeast does as a product of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. | show 🗑
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| What is the energy source for yeast in beer making? | show 🗑
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| What is the energy source for yeast in wine making? | show 🗑
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| What 3 steps make yoghurt? | show 🗑
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| show | 1) An air supply
2) A Stirrer to maintain the temperature and to keep the microorganisms in suspension.
3) A Water Jacket to remove heat produced by their respiration.
4) Instruments to monitor temperature and pH.
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| show | Penicillium, it starts to make penicillin after most of the nutrients it has have been used up.
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| What fungus makes mycoprotein? | show 🗑
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| show | Biogas, or methane.
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| Would waste from sewage works, or sugar factories ever be used in a biogas generator? | show 🗑
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| show | Ethanol-based fuels
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| What 3 things help to keep petri dishes sterile? | show 🗑
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| In school, why is a maximum temperature of 25C recommended for incubating petri dishes? | show 🗑
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| show | To promote faster growth.
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| Apart from faster blood flow, what happens with faster bloodflow? | show 🗑
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| show | Glycogen.
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| After long periods of exercise, what happpens to the muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | It is much less efficient and it creates an oxygen debt, which has to be reduced later on.
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| show | 1) It filters the blood
2) It reabsorbs ALL the sugar
3) It reabsorbs all of the ions required by the body
4) It reabsorbs as much water as needed
5) It releases the urea, excess ions and water as urine.
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| True or false: Sugar and Dissolved ions can be absorbed against the concentration gradient. | show 🗑
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| show | The same concetration, to allow excess ions and water to be removed.
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