patho terms 1
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| Pathology | the study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death
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| Pathophysiology | the study of how disease affects body function
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| health | having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions
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| disease | being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions
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| etiology | the study of the cause of a disease
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| genetic | a disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene
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| congenital | a disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth
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| acquired | a disease, condition or trait that developed because of being exposed to something during life
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| idiopathic | with out a clearly identified cause
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| SIGNS | evidence of disease that is objective and can be seen, measured and recorded
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| symptoms | evidence of a disease that is subjective and cannot be seen, measured, or recorded
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| pathogenesis | the events that lead to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses
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| Acute | a disease that develops and resolves quickly (lasts less than 90 days)
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| Chronic | a disease that develops gradually and lasts 3 months or longer
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| remission | the lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease
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| exacerbation | an increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptoms
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| local | a condition that is confined to one area
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| systemic | a condition that affects the entire body
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| endoscopy | a procedure that utilizes a fiber optic camera to view structures inside of the body
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| radiodensity | the ability of an object to stop or slow radiation
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| x-rays | a visual recording of the differences in radio density of an anatomical structure
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| contrast X-rays | x-rays that utilize a contrast media to increase the radiodensity of selected fluids in the body, producing an image if the structures containing the fluid
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| ultrasound | a visual recording of differences in the rate of return and intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects in the body
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| Electrocardiograms | a recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system
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| electroencephalogram | a recording of the electrical activity in the brain. most often a recording of the cerebral cortex
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| spirometry | any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move air or the capacities of the respiratory system
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| chemotherepy | the use of chemicals to kill cells within the body
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| pharmacological | the use of drugs to treat a disease
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| palliative | and form of treatment the relieves signs and symptoms with out curing a disease. may include use of meds, therapeutic massage, counseling, physical therapy, orthotic devices, etc
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| prognosis | a prediction of the consequences or likely outcome of having a disease
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| sequela | a consequence of a previous disease
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| complications | a morbid process or event occurring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease, although it may result from it
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| terminal | a disease that is likely to cause death
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| trauma | the transfer of harmful amount of energy. (mechanical, electrical, thermal, radiation)
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| deficiency | lacking in something that is essential
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| intoxication | being exposed to a toxic level of something
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| hypertrophy | to increase in size
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| atrophy | to decrease in size
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| hyperplasia | an increase in the rate of mitosis, therefore increase in cell number
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| metaplasia | a change in cell tissue or tissue structure
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| dysplasia | irregular cell or tissue structure. often considered a potentially cancerous change
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| neoplasia | growth of cells and tissue into new areas, resulting in a tumor. (can be benign or malignant)
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| inflammation | a protective response to injury or infection. causes an increase in blood flow and pain in an affected region, as well as leukocytosis
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| leukocytosis | an increase in the number of WBC to more than 10,000 per mm3. a WBC count of 15,000-25,000 commonly occurs as a result of infection, inflammation or hemorrhage.
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| exudate | the excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. contains high levels of proteins and neutrophils compared to normal tissue fluid
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| serous exudate | a thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at site of inflammation.
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| purulent exudate | a thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation, also called pus
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| suppurative inflammation | a response to injury or infection that leads to the production of pus
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| regeneration | replacing damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring the tissue to its original condition
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| Repair | replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue
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| adhesion | the binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue
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| keloid scarring | the over production of scar tissue that sometimes occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous layer and results in a mass of scar tissue that is often tender or painful
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| contracture | the shortening of scar tissue over time OR the shortening of muscle tissue due to fibrotic changes
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| stenosis | the narrowing of any canal or opening, such as the intestine or BVs or a heart valve
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| sclerosis | the process of hardening. can occur as the result of scar formation or the accumulation of deposits known as plaques
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| necrosis | tissue death
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| prodromal stage | an early stage in the development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy. (time when a patient feels that they are coming down with something)
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| anaphylaxis | a severe, systemic allergic response that is characterized by vasodilation (which causes a severe drop in BP)and bronchoconstriction (resulting in severe difficulty of breathing)
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| immunosurveillance | the immune systems constant search for an antigen
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| immunotolerance | the immune systems ability to recognize and not attack normally occurring tissues with in the body
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| incubation | the development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until appearance of the first clinical signs and symptoms
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| acute stage | time during an infection when clinical signs and symptoms begin to develop
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| benign | a non malignant neoplasm
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| malignant | a cancerous neoplasm
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| angiogenesis | the development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries
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| tumor markers | proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening tests of the person's blood
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| carcinoma | a malignancy that originates in epithelial tissues
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| sarcoma | a malignancy that originates in connective tissues
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| glioma | a malignancy that originates within the tissue if the central nervous system
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| carcinogenesis | the process of developing a malignant neoplasm
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| initiators (of cancer) | carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activating oncongenes
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| promoters (of cancer) | carcinogens that decrease the body's ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes
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