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patho terms 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathology | the study of changes in cell/tissue structure related to disease or death |
| Pathophysiology | the study of how disease affects body function |
| health | having the ability to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions |
| disease | being unable to maintain homeostasis when exposed to normal conditions |
| etiology | the study of the cause of a disease |
| genetic | a disease, condition, or trait that is inherited as a result of a single gene |
| congenital | a disease, condition, or trait that is present at birth |
| acquired | a disease, condition or trait that developed because of being exposed to something during life |
| idiopathic | with out a clearly identified cause |
| SIGNS | evidence of disease that is objective and can be seen, measured and recorded |
| symptoms | evidence of a disease that is subjective and cannot be seen, measured, or recorded |
| pathogenesis | the events that lead to the development of a disease and the signs and symptoms that occur as the disease progresses |
| Acute | a disease that develops and resolves quickly (lasts less than 90 days) |
| Chronic | a disease that develops gradually and lasts 3 months or longer |
| remission | the lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease |
| exacerbation | an increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptoms |
| local | a condition that is confined to one area |
| systemic | a condition that affects the entire body |
| endoscopy | a procedure that utilizes a fiber optic camera to view structures inside of the body |
| radiodensity | the ability of an object to stop or slow radiation |
| x-rays | a visual recording of the differences in radio density of an anatomical structure |
| contrast X-rays | x-rays that utilize a contrast media to increase the radiodensity of selected fluids in the body, producing an image if the structures containing the fluid |
| ultrasound | a visual recording of differences in the rate of return and intensity of sound waves reflected off of objects in the body |
| Electrocardiograms | a recording of the electrical activity of the cardiac conduction system |
| electroencephalogram | a recording of the electrical activity in the brain. most often a recording of the cerebral cortex |
| spirometry | any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move air or the capacities of the respiratory system |
| chemotherepy | the use of chemicals to kill cells within the body |
| pharmacological | the use of drugs to treat a disease |
| palliative | and form of treatment the relieves signs and symptoms with out curing a disease. may include use of meds, therapeutic massage, counseling, physical therapy, orthotic devices, etc |
| prognosis | a prediction of the consequences or likely outcome of having a disease |
| sequela | a consequence of a previous disease |
| complications | a morbid process or event occurring during a disease that is not an essential part of the disease, although it may result from it |
| terminal | a disease that is likely to cause death |
| trauma | the transfer of harmful amount of energy. (mechanical, electrical, thermal, radiation) |
| deficiency | lacking in something that is essential |
| intoxication | being exposed to a toxic level of something |
| hypertrophy | to increase in size |
| atrophy | to decrease in size |
| hyperplasia | an increase in the rate of mitosis, therefore increase in cell number |
| metaplasia | a change in cell tissue or tissue structure |
| dysplasia | irregular cell or tissue structure. often considered a potentially cancerous change |
| neoplasia | growth of cells and tissue into new areas, resulting in a tumor. (can be benign or malignant) |
| inflammation | a protective response to injury or infection. causes an increase in blood flow and pain in an affected region, as well as leukocytosis |
| leukocytosis | an increase in the number of WBC to more than 10,000 per mm3. a WBC count of 15,000-25,000 commonly occurs as a result of infection, inflammation or hemorrhage. |
| exudate | the excess fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation. contains high levels of proteins and neutrophils compared to normal tissue fluid |
| serous exudate | a thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at site of inflammation. |
| purulent exudate | a thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at the site of inflammation, also called pus |
| suppurative inflammation | a response to injury or infection that leads to the production of pus |
| regeneration | replacing damaged tissue through the process of mitosis, restoring the tissue to its original condition |
| Repair | replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue |
| adhesion | the binding together of two surfaces by scar tissue |
| keloid scarring | the over production of scar tissue that sometimes occurs in the dermis and subcutaneous layer and results in a mass of scar tissue that is often tender or painful |
| contracture | the shortening of scar tissue over time OR the shortening of muscle tissue due to fibrotic changes |
| stenosis | the narrowing of any canal or opening, such as the intestine or BVs or a heart valve |
| sclerosis | the process of hardening. can occur as the result of scar formation or the accumulation of deposits known as plaques |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| prodromal stage | an early stage in the development of a disease or infection that is characterized by a lack of appetite and lack of energy. (time when a patient feels that they are coming down with something) |
| anaphylaxis | a severe, systemic allergic response that is characterized by vasodilation (which causes a severe drop in BP)and bronchoconstriction (resulting in severe difficulty of breathing) |
| immunosurveillance | the immune systems constant search for an antigen |
| immunotolerance | the immune systems ability to recognize and not attack normally occurring tissues with in the body |
| incubation | the development of an infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until appearance of the first clinical signs and symptoms |
| acute stage | time during an infection when clinical signs and symptoms begin to develop |
| benign | a non malignant neoplasm |
| malignant | a cancerous neoplasm |
| angiogenesis | the development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries |
| tumor markers | proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in screening tests of the person's blood |
| carcinoma | a malignancy that originates in epithelial tissues |
| sarcoma | a malignancy that originates in connective tissues |
| glioma | a malignancy that originates within the tissue if the central nervous system |
| carcinogenesis | the process of developing a malignant neoplasm |
| initiators (of cancer) | carcinogens that increase the rate of cancer cell production by activating oncongenes |
| promoters (of cancer) | carcinogens that decrease the body's ability to find and fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes |
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