terminology and definitions for musculoskeletal injuries
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| Hard, but flexible living structures that provide support for the body and protection for vital organs. | bones
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| Disruption or "coming apart" of a joint. | dislocation
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| Extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured bone or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound with associated injury to the bone. | open extremity injury
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| Special splint that applies constant pull along the length of the leg to help stabilize the fractured femur and reduce muscle spasms. | traction splint
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| Grating sensation or sound made when broken bone ends rub together. | crepitus
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| Bands of connective tissue that bind muscles to bone. | tendons
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| Any break in a bone. | fracture
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| Portion of the skeleton that includes the clavicles, scapulae, arms, wrists, hands, pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet. | extremities
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| Connective tissue that covers the outside of the bone ends and acts as a surface for articulation allowing for smooth movement at joints. | cartilage
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| Muscle injury caused by overstretching or overexertion of the muscle. | strain
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| Process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting. | manual traction
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| Places where bones articulate, or meet. | joints
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| Stretching and tearing of ligaments. | sprain
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| Injury to an extremity in which the skin is not broken. | closed extremity injury
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| Connective tissue that supports joints by attaching the bone ends and allowing for a stable range of motion. | ligaments
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| Our bones become deficient in this mineral as we age. | calcium
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| This strong white fibrous material covers the bones. | periosteum
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| In children, most long bone growth occurs in the | growth plate
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| Direct, indirect, and twisting forces cause | musculoskeletal injuries
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| This invention reduced the post WWI death rate from femur fractures from 80% to 20%. Fractures of the femur can cause a 2 pint blood loss in the first two hours. | traction splint
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| Signs and symptoms of a bone or joint injury include: | grating, swelling, bruising
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| When a joint is locked into position, the EMT-B should | splint the joint in the position found
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| Treatment steps (in order) for a painful, swollen, deformed extremity. | 1. take BSI precautions 2. splint the injury 3. elevate the extremity 4. apply a cold pack
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| Applying a cold pack to a fracture helps to reduce | swelling
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| Realignment is done to | assist in restoring circulation and to fit the extremity into a splint.
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| EMT-Bs usually carry these types of splints. | rigid, formable, traction
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| Traction splints are used specifically for fractures of the | femur
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| If the patient with a musculoskeletal injury is unstable, the EMT-B should: | care for life-threatening problems, align the injuries in an anatomical position, immobilize the entire body on a long, spine board
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| Hazards of improper splinting include: | aggravating a bone or joint injury, reduced distal circulation,
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| Examples of a bipolar traction splint include: | Hare, Fernotrac, half-ring
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| When possible, ___ rescuers should be used to apply a traction splint. | three
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| Signs and symptoms of a knee injury include: | pain, tenderness, swelling, deformity
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| Because of brittle, weak bones, _____ patients are more susceptible to hip fractures. | elderly
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| If a patient who has been involved in a serious fall has the unexplained sensation of having to empty her bladder, it could indicate this type of fracture. | pelvic
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