THE BRAIN - growth
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| Consists of the medulla, pons and midbrain. Controls the reflexes and automatic functions, limb movements and visceral functions. | Brainstem
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| Integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement, and uses this info to coordinate limb movements. | Cerebellum
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| Outermost layer of the brain; rich in neurons and is the site of most sophisticated neural processing. Responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions. | Cerebral Cortex
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| Consists of cortex, large fibre tracts and some deeper structures. Integrates from all sense organs indicates functions, controls emotions and holds memory and thought processes. | Cerebrum
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| Tranverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. | Corpus Callosum
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| A complex neural structure consisting of grey matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle. Involved in motivation, emotion as part of the limbic system; role in the formation of memories. | Hippocampus
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| Helps control visceral functions, body temp. and behavioural responses. (Feeding, drinking, sexual response etc.) | Pituitary Gland
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| Major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; tube like from the brain. | Spinal Cord
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| Relays incoming sensory pathways to appropriate areas of the cortex, determines which sensory information actually reaches consciousness; participates in motor-information exchange between cerebellum and more. | Thalamus
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| Contains nuclei that control hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland. Governs sexual reproduction, eating, drinking, growth and maternal behaviour such as lactation. Involved in almost all aspects of behavior. | Hypothalamus
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| Implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses. (Feeding, mating, emotion) | Limbic System
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| Contains nuclei for regulating blood pressure and breathing, as well as nuclei for relaying information from the sense organs that comes in the cranial nerves. | Medulla
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| Contains nuclei that link the various sections of the brain involved in motor functions, eye movements and auditory control. | Midbrain
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| Contains nuclei that relay movement and position information from the cerebellum to the cortex. Involved in breathing, taste and sleep. | Pons
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| Your dog does something you like, you give your dog something he likes. | Positive Reinforcement
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| "You have to get good marks, while you are in house arrest." | Negative Reinforcement
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| Adding of a bad consequence when the response is performed. | Positive Punishment
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| Removal of a good consequence when the response is performed. Ex. When you say sit, the dog sits, and you hide the treat. | Negative Punishment
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| Responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. Involved in our emotions and emotional learning. | Amygdala
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| ...in the limbic system and not enough in the corte may produce an overly suspicious personality. Causes paranoia | Too much dopamine
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| ...produces symptoms of poor memory as in PARKINSON'S DISEASE | Too little dopamine
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| Sits right around the forehead; involved in many functions that some believe to be exclusive to humans. | Frontal Lobe
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| Located towards the back of the head; Involved in integrating all different kinds of sensory information. (seeing, touching, feeling etc.) | Parietal Lobe
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| Located at the side of the head; heavily involved in processing auditory information | Temporal Lobe
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| Located at the very back of the head; Almost exclusively involved in vision. | Occipital Lobe
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| Chemical neurotransmitter which carries a message across the synapses to the dentrites of the next neuron. | Ethylcholine
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| This main part has all of the necessary components of the cell. (Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) | Cell Body
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| Long, cable-like projection of the cell carries the electrochemical message along the length of the cell. | Axon
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| Makes connections to other cells and allows the neuron to talk with other cells or perceive the environment. | Dendrites/Nerve Endings
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| Small gaps between neurons. | Synapses
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| Chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. | Neurotransmitters
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| The process we use to transform information so that it can be stored. | Encoding
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| Holding onto the information. | Storage
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| Bringing the memory out of storage and reversing the process of encoding. | Retrieval
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| Refers to memories that last about 20-30 seconds. Stored in the hippocampus;also known as working memory. | Short-term Memory
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| Information that occurs first is typically remembered. | Primacy Effect
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| The last bit of information is remembered better because not as much time has passed | Recency Effect
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| Something stands out from information around it, it is often remembered. | Distinctiveness
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| Rehearsal, results in better memory. | Frequency Effect
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| We associate or attach information to other information it becomes easier to remember. | Associations
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| Fill in the blanks in our memory. "Creating a complete picture in your head." | Reconstructions
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| A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort. | Emotions
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| Relates to what we are "feeling" to reactions of physiological changes in the body. (Event>Arousal>Interpretation>Emotion) | James-Lange Theory
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| I see a bear. My muscles tense, my heart races. I feel afraid. | James-Lange Theory
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| Feels emotions first, then feels physiological changes. (Event>Arousal,Emotion) | Cannon-Bard Approach
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| I see a bear. I feel afraid. I tense in readiness to run away. | Cannon-Bard Approach
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| An event causes physiological arousal first, then identifies the reason for the arousal, then you feel and label the emotion. (Event>Arousal>Reasoning>Emotion) | Schachter-Singer Approach
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| I see a bear. My muscles tense, my heart races. I realize that I am alone and helpless. I feel afraid. | Schachter - Singer Approach
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| States that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal. (Event>Thought>Emotion, Arousal) | Lazarus Theory
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| I see a bear. I think the bear may try to attack me. I feel afraid so I tense up and run. | Lazarus Theory
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| Proposes that emotions are used and developed in order to survive. (Ex. the feeling of empathy allows humans to care and cooperate with others.) | Evolutionary Theory
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| Stated that there are only 3 emotions: fear, anger and love. Believes that emotions are reactions to events. Believed emotion to be a process similar to classical conditioning. | Watson's Theory
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| The interference that occurs when we try to ignore the meaning of words while trying to identify the colour of the ink that the words are written in. | Stroop Effect
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| Disorder; affects an individual's ability to read, write or spell. | Dyslexia
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| Seeing (sense) | Vision
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| Hearing (sense) | Audition
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| Smelling (sense) | Olfaction
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| Tasting (sense) | Gustation
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| Touching (sense) | Tactile Senses
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| Moving (sense) | Proprioception
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| Located in the lower left frontal lobe; Responsible for language production...(1) Damage to this area disrupt's one's ability to speak...(2) | 1. Broca's Area
2. Broca's Aphasia
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| Understanding language and is located in the back of the temporal lobe...(1) Damage to this area could result in poor language comprehension and the production of meaningless sentences...(2) | 1. Wernicke's Area
2. Wernicke's Aphasia
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| Basic building block of speech. (Letters; sound alphabet for speech) | Phoneme
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| Smallest unit of meaning | Morpheme
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| Can predict people by measuring head, eyes and length of nose. | Cedric Lomborso Phrenology
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| The CNS (Central Nervous System) consists of... | The brain, the cranial nerves and the spinal cord.
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| Is the brain of a newborn fully developed? | No
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| The brain at infancy is __% of the adult size | 25%
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| By the age of one year, the brain has grown __% of its adult size. | 75%
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| By the age of 3 years, the brain has grown __% of its adult size | 80%
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| By the age of 7 years, the brain has grown __% of its adult size. | 90%
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| A living optical instrument | Eyes
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| The inside back surface of the eye; absorbs light, processes images, sends visual information to the brain. | Retina
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| Robbery; victims felt and understood robber's story. | Stockholm Sweden 1972
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| Having people with more power over you; Ex. Women staying in abusive relationships | Stockholm Syndrome
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| How we cope with stress. | GAS - General Adaptation System
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| The 3 steps in coping with stress are: | 1. Recognize stress
2. Deal with it
3. Ignore it. (whatever you can't handle, gets ignored)
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| No motivation, even when parents give you everything. | Failure to Thrive
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| The bond that happens with parents and their kids, right at birth. | Attachment Theory
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| No Attachment Theory, _____ __ _____ happens. | Failure to thrive
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