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THE BRAIN - growth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consists of the medulla, pons and midbrain. Controls the reflexes and automatic functions, limb movements and visceral functions. | Brainstem |
| Integrates information from the vestibular system that indicates position and movement, and uses this info to coordinate limb movements. | Cerebellum |
| Outermost layer of the brain; rich in neurons and is the site of most sophisticated neural processing. Responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions. | Cerebral Cortex |
| Consists of cortex, large fibre tracts and some deeper structures. Integrates from all sense organs indicates functions, controls emotions and holds memory and thought processes. | Cerebrum |
| Tranverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. | Corpus Callosum |
| A complex neural structure consisting of grey matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle. Involved in motivation, emotion as part of the limbic system; role in the formation of memories. | Hippocampus |
| Helps control visceral functions, body temp. and behavioural responses. (Feeding, drinking, sexual response etc.) | Pituitary Gland |
| Major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; tube like from the brain. | Spinal Cord |
| Relays incoming sensory pathways to appropriate areas of the cortex, determines which sensory information actually reaches consciousness; participates in motor-information exchange between cerebellum and more. | Thalamus |
| Contains nuclei that control hormonal secretions from the pituitary gland. Governs sexual reproduction, eating, drinking, growth and maternal behaviour such as lactation. Involved in almost all aspects of behavior. | Hypothalamus |
| Implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses. (Feeding, mating, emotion) | Limbic System |
| Contains nuclei for regulating blood pressure and breathing, as well as nuclei for relaying information from the sense organs that comes in the cranial nerves. | Medulla |
| Contains nuclei that link the various sections of the brain involved in motor functions, eye movements and auditory control. | Midbrain |
| Contains nuclei that relay movement and position information from the cerebellum to the cortex. Involved in breathing, taste and sleep. | Pons |
| Your dog does something you like, you give your dog something he likes. | Positive Reinforcement |
| "You have to get good marks, while you are in house arrest." | Negative Reinforcement |
| Adding of a bad consequence when the response is performed. | Positive Punishment |
| Removal of a good consequence when the response is performed. Ex. When you say sit, the dog sits, and you hide the treat. | Negative Punishment |
| Responsible for determining what memories are stored and where the memories are stored in the brain. Involved in our emotions and emotional learning. | Amygdala |
| ...in the limbic system and not enough in the corte may produce an overly suspicious personality. Causes paranoia | Too much dopamine |
| ...produces symptoms of poor memory as in PARKINSON'S DISEASE | Too little dopamine |
| Sits right around the forehead; involved in many functions that some believe to be exclusive to humans. | Frontal Lobe |
| Located towards the back of the head; Involved in integrating all different kinds of sensory information. (seeing, touching, feeling etc.) | Parietal Lobe |
| Located at the side of the head; heavily involved in processing auditory information | Temporal Lobe |
| Located at the very back of the head; Almost exclusively involved in vision. | Occipital Lobe |
| Chemical neurotransmitter which carries a message across the synapses to the dentrites of the next neuron. | Ethylcholine |
| This main part has all of the necessary components of the cell. (Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum) | Cell Body |
| Long, cable-like projection of the cell carries the electrochemical message along the length of the cell. | Axon |
| Makes connections to other cells and allows the neuron to talk with other cells or perceive the environment. | Dendrites/Nerve Endings |
| Small gaps between neurons. | Synapses |
| Chemicals which allow the transmission of signals from one neuron to the next across synapses. | Neurotransmitters |
| The process we use to transform information so that it can be stored. | Encoding |
| Holding onto the information. | Storage |
| Bringing the memory out of storage and reversing the process of encoding. | Retrieval |
| Refers to memories that last about 20-30 seconds. Stored in the hippocampus;also known as working memory. | Short-term Memory |
| Information that occurs first is typically remembered. | Primacy Effect |
| The last bit of information is remembered better because not as much time has passed | Recency Effect |
| Something stands out from information around it, it is often remembered. | Distinctiveness |
| Rehearsal, results in better memory. | Frequency Effect |
| We associate or attach information to other information it becomes easier to remember. | Associations |
| Fill in the blanks in our memory. "Creating a complete picture in your head." | Reconstructions |
| A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort. | Emotions |
| Relates to what we are "feeling" to reactions of physiological changes in the body. (Event>Arousal>Interpretation>Emotion) | James-Lange Theory |
| I see a bear. My muscles tense, my heart races. I feel afraid. | James-Lange Theory |
| Feels emotions first, then feels physiological changes. (Event>Arousal,Emotion) | Cannon-Bard Approach |
| I see a bear. I feel afraid. I tense in readiness to run away. | Cannon-Bard Approach |
| An event causes physiological arousal first, then identifies the reason for the arousal, then you feel and label the emotion. (Event>Arousal>Reasoning>Emotion) | Schachter-Singer Approach |
| I see a bear. My muscles tense, my heart races. I realize that I am alone and helpless. I feel afraid. | Schachter - Singer Approach |
| States that a thought must come before any emotion or physiological arousal. (Event>Thought>Emotion, Arousal) | Lazarus Theory |
| I see a bear. I think the bear may try to attack me. I feel afraid so I tense up and run. | Lazarus Theory |
| Proposes that emotions are used and developed in order to survive. (Ex. the feeling of empathy allows humans to care and cooperate with others.) | Evolutionary Theory |
| Stated that there are only 3 emotions: fear, anger and love. Believes that emotions are reactions to events. Believed emotion to be a process similar to classical conditioning. | Watson's Theory |
| The interference that occurs when we try to ignore the meaning of words while trying to identify the colour of the ink that the words are written in. | Stroop Effect |
| Disorder; affects an individual's ability to read, write or spell. | Dyslexia |
| Seeing (sense) | Vision |
| Hearing (sense) | Audition |
| Smelling (sense) | Olfaction |
| Tasting (sense) | Gustation |
| Touching (sense) | Tactile Senses |
| Moving (sense) | Proprioception |
| Located in the lower left frontal lobe; Responsible for language production...(1) Damage to this area disrupt's one's ability to speak...(2) | 1. Broca's Area 2. Broca's Aphasia |
| Understanding language and is located in the back of the temporal lobe...(1) Damage to this area could result in poor language comprehension and the production of meaningless sentences...(2) | 1. Wernicke's Area 2. Wernicke's Aphasia |
| Basic building block of speech. (Letters; sound alphabet for speech) | Phoneme |
| Smallest unit of meaning | Morpheme |
| Can predict people by measuring head, eyes and length of nose. | Cedric Lomborso Phrenology |
| The CNS (Central Nervous System) consists of... | The brain, the cranial nerves and the spinal cord. |
| Is the brain of a newborn fully developed? | No |
| The brain at infancy is __% of the adult size | 25% |
| By the age of one year, the brain has grown __% of its adult size. | 75% |
| By the age of 3 years, the brain has grown __% of its adult size | 80% |
| By the age of 7 years, the brain has grown __% of its adult size. | 90% |
| A living optical instrument | Eyes |
| The inside back surface of the eye; absorbs light, processes images, sends visual information to the brain. | Retina |
| Robbery; victims felt and understood robber's story. | Stockholm Sweden 1972 |
| Having people with more power over you; Ex. Women staying in abusive relationships | Stockholm Syndrome |
| How we cope with stress. | GAS - General Adaptation System |
| The 3 steps in coping with stress are: | 1. Recognize stress 2. Deal with it 3. Ignore it. (whatever you can't handle, gets ignored) |
| No motivation, even when parents give you everything. | Failure to Thrive |
| The bond that happens with parents and their kids, right at birth. | Attachment Theory |
| No Attachment Theory, _____ __ _____ happens. | Failure to thrive |
Created by:
dcmarlon
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