Substance Abuse
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| What are the 4 elements of addiction? | *Excessive use or abuse *Display of psychological disturbance *Decline of social and economic function *Uncontrollable consumption indicating dependence
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| What are the 4 CAGE questions? | *Ought to CUT down on your drinking? *ANNOYED by people criticizing your drinking? *Felt bad or GUILTY about your drinking? *Drink first in the morning EYE OPENER?
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| Alchohol is involved in what percentage of all MVA and suicide deaths? | 38%
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| What does alchoholism result from? | *Environment *Behavior *Genetic predisposition
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| In a night of drinking, alchohol initially affects what? | Initially a stimulating effect occurs because higher areas of the brain are effected
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| In a night of drinking, following the stimulating effect, alchohol first affects what? | First affects frontal cortex (governs self-control)
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| In a night of drinking, following the frontal cortex, alchohol affects what next? | Then the limbic system is affected which impacts hunger, thirst, & sexual desire
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| Repeated exposure to alchohol affects what inb the brain? | The basal ganglia of the brain which results in unbalanced compulsion control
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| What happens in the early stages of chemical dependance? | *Amount and frequency increases to achieve desired effect (tolerance) *Experience unpleasant effects (anxiety, cramping, heart palpitations, changes in libido)
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| What happens in the middle stages of chemical dependance? | *Moderate impairment *S&S of withdrawal *Negative behaviors *Self-medicates to feel “normal” *Pattern of use *Estrangement *Blackouts
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| What is the prognosis for middle stage chemical dependence? | Prognosis is poor without treatment interventions
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| What happens in the late stages of chemical dependance? | *Level of functioning is severely impaired *Habitual use, cannot achieve “normal” *Worsening medical problems *Malnutrition *Problem solving/judgment impaired
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| What are delirium tremors? | Acute psychotic reaction to withdrawal of alcohol
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| How long after last drink will delirium tremors occur? | Usually occurs 1-4 days after last alcohol
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| How long do delirium tremors last? | Lasts 2 days to 1 week
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| What are S/Sx of delirium tremors? | *Increased activity to extreme agitation *Disorientation *Fear *Panic *Hallucinations *Elevated temperature
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| What medication is given to negate the effects of alchohol and opiods? | Naltrexone (ReVia), an opiate/ETOH antagonist
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| What medications are given for acute alchohol detoxification? | *Valium *Ativan *Librium *Naltrexone
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| What medications reduce the withdrawl symptoms of alchohol? | *Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) *Naltrexone (ReVia)
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